{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:17:34Z","timestamp":1769102254309,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010dimensional (2D) IMRT QA has been widely performed in Radiation Oncology clinic. However, concerns regarding its sensitivity in detecting delivery errors and its clinical meaning have been raised in publications. In this study, a robust methodology of three\u2010dimensional (3D) IMRT QA using fiducial registration and structure\u2010mapping was proposed to acquire organ\u2010specific dose information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computed tomography (CT) markers were placed on the PRESAGE dosimeter as fiducials before CT simulation. Subsequently, the images were transferred to the treatment planning system to create a verification plan for the examined treatment plan. Patient\u2019s CT images were registered to the CT images of the dosimeter for structure mapping according to the positions of the fiducials. After irradiation, the 3D dose distribution was read\u2010out by an optical\u2010CT (OCT) scanner with fiducials shown on the OCT dose images. An automatic localization algorithm was developed in MATLAB to register the markers in the OCT images to those in the CT images of the dosimeter. SlicerRT was used to show and analyze the results. Fiducial registration error was acquired by measuring the discrepancies in 20 fiducial registrations, and thus the fiducial localization error and target registration error (TRE) was estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dosimetry comparison between the calculated and measured dose distribution in various forms were presented, including 2D isodose lines comparison, 3D isodose surfaces with patient\u2019s anatomical structures, 2D and 3D gamma index, dose volume histogram and 3D view of gamma failing points. From the analysis of 20 fiducial registrations, fiducial registration error was measured to be 0.62\u00a0mm and fiducial localization error was calculated to be 0.44\u00a0mm. Target registration uncertainty of the proposed methodology was estimated to be within 0.3\u00a0mm in the area of dose measurement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study proposed a robust methodology of 3D measurement\u2010based IMRT QA for organ\u2010specific dose comparison and demonstrated its clinical feasibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T06:58:37Z","timestamp":1617260317000},"page":"24-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fiducial detection and registration for 3D IMRT QA with organ\u2010specific dose information"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York\u2010Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center (NYP\/CUIMC) New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Dona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York\u2010Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center (NYP\/CUIMC) New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanguang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York\u2010Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center (NYP\/CUIMC) New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Adamovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rider University Lawrenceville NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Shie","family":"Wuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York\u2010Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center (NYP\/CUIMC) New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1591194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3238104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3600524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e31826e0515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"2.2. 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