{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:20:52Z","timestamp":1790943652782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015499","name":"Jeonbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015499","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>A potential method to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity during radiation therapy in pancreatic head cancer is to create a physical space between the head of the pancreas (HOP) and the duodenum. To date, there have been early reports on the feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)\u2010guided hydrogel injection into the interface between the HOP and the duodenum to increase the peri\u2010pancreatic space for radiotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of EUS\u2010guided hydrogel injection for the creation of space at the peri\u2010pancreatic interface in a cadaveric model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline abdominal computerized tomography (CT) was performed on three unfixed cadaveric specimens. The hydrogel was injected transduodenally into the interface between the HOP and duodenum using linear\u2010array EUS and a 19G needle for fine needle aspiration (FNA). This procedure was repeated along the length of the HOP. CT imaging and gross dissection were performed after the procedure to confirm the localization of the hydrogel and to measure the distance between the HOP and the duodenum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cadavers underwent successful EUS\u2010guided injection of the hydrogel. Cadavers 1, 2, and 3 were injected with 9.5, 27, and 10\u00a0cc of hydrogel, respectively; along the HOP, the formation of the peri\u2010pancreatic space was a maximum size of 11.77, 13.20, and 12.89\u00a0mm, respectively. The hydrogel injections were clearly visualized as hyperechoic bullae during EUS and on post\u2010procedure CT images without any artifacts in all cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated that EUS\u2010guided delivery of hydrogel is feasible, and that it increases the peri\u2010pancreatic space in a cadaveric model. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel was clearly visible on EUS and CT, without significant artifacts. This may lead to new treatment approaches for pancreatic carcinomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T13:54:39Z","timestamp":1621864479000},"page":"83-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["EUS\u2010guided hydrogel microparticle injection in a cadaveric model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Seong\u2010Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University\u2010Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital Jeonju\u2010si Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avani","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoop S.","family":"Bhutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Lake Success NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amol","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62307-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70021-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.8904"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200115070-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Augmenix.TraceIT\u00ae Hydrogel.http:\/\/www.spaceoar.com\/who\u2010we\u2010are\/additional\u2010products\/traceit\/. 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