{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:41:44Z","timestamp":1770741704105,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA\u2010CDRF\u20102017\u201003\u2010005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA\u2010CDRF\u20102017\u201003\u2010005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited evidence exists showing the benefit of magnetic resonance (MR)\u2010only radiotherapy treatment planning for anal and rectal cancers. This study aims to assess the impact of MR\u2010only planning on target volumes (TVs) and treatment plan doses to organs at risks (OARs) for anal and rectal cancers versus a computed tomography (CT)\u2010only pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six patients (29 rectum and 17 anus) undergoing preoperative or radical external beam radiotherapy received CT and T2 MR simulation. TV and OARs were delineated on CT and MR, and volumetric arc therapy treatment plans were optimized independently (53.2\u00a0Gy\/28 fractions for anus, 45\u00a0Gy\/25 fractions for rectum). Further treatment plans assessed gross tumor volume (GTV) dose escalation. Differences in TV volumes and OAR doses, in terms of Vx Gy (organ volume (%) receiving x dose (Gy)), were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR GTV and primary planning TV (PTV) volumes systematically reduced by 13 cc and 98 cc (anus) and 44 cc and 109 cc (rectum) respectively compared to CT volumes. Statistically significant OAR dose reductions versus CT were found for bladder and uterus (rectum) and bladder, penile bulb, and genitalia (anus). With GTV boosting, statistically significant dose reductions were found for sigmoid, small bowel, vagina, and penile bulb (rectum) and vagina (anus).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings provide evidence that the introduction of MR (whether through MR\u2010only or CT\u2010MR pathways) to radiotherapy treatment planning for anal and rectal cancers has the potential to improve treatments. MR\u2010related OAR dose reductions may translate into less treatment\u2010related toxicity for patients or greater ability to dose escalate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T06:43:10Z","timestamp":1634971390000},"page":"41-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The benefit of MR\u2010only radiotherapy treatment planning for anal and rectal cancers: A planning study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Cancer Centre Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Leeds UK"},{"name":"Radiotherapy Research Group Leeds Institute of Medical Research  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Nix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Cancer Centre Leeds 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