{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:45:49Z","timestamp":1760647549365,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detector arrays and profile\u2010scans have widely replaced film\u2010measurements for quality assurance (QA) on linear accelerators. Film is still used for relative output factor (ROF) measurements, positioning, and dose\u2010profile verification for annual Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) QA. This study shows that small\u2010field active detector measurements can be performed in the easily accessed clinical mode and that they are an effective replacement to time\u2010consuming and exacting film measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beam profiles and positioning scans for 4\u2010mm, 8\u2010mm, and 16\u2010mm\u2010collimated fields were collected along the x\u2010, y\u2010, and z\u2010axes. The Exradin W2\u2010scintillator and the PTW microdiamond\u2010detector were placed in custom inserts centered in the Elekta solid\u2010water phantom for these scans. GafChromic EBT3\u2010film was irradiated with single uniformly collimated exposures as the clinical\u2010standard reference, using the same solid\u2010water phantom for profile tests and the Elekta film holder for radiation focal point (RFP)\/patient\u2010positioning system (PPS) coincidence. All experimental data were compared to the tissue\u2010maximum\u2010ratio\u2010based (TMR10) dose calculation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The detector\u2010measured beam profiles and film\u2010based profiles showed excellent agreement with TMR10\u2010predicted full\u2010width, half\u2010maximum (FWHM) values. Absolute differences between the measured FWHM and FWHM from the treatment\u2010planning system were on average 0.13\u00a0mm, 0.08\u00a0mm, and 0.04\u00a0mm for film, microdiamond, and scintillator, respectively. The coincidence between the RFP and the PPS was measured to be \u22640.5\u00a0mm with microdiamond, \u22640.41\u00a0mm with the W2\u20101\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01 scintillator, and \u22640.22\u00a0mm using the film\u2010technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small\u2010volume field detectors, used in conjunction with a clinically available phantom, an electrometer with data\u2010logging, and treatment plans created in clinical mode offer an efficient and viable alternative for film\u2010based profile tests. Position verification can be accurately performed when CBCT\u2010imaging is available to correct for residual detector\u2010position uncertainty. Scans are easily set up within the treatment\u2010planning\u2010system and, when coupled with an automated analysis, can provide accurate measurements within minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T05:44:19Z","timestamp":1641793459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Replacing gamma knife beam\u2010profiles on film with point\u2010detector scans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Rudek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunshine","family":"Osterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanxia","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchellMC BovaFJ LarsonDA LeavittDD LutzWR PodgorsakEB WuA.Stereotactic Radiosurgery Report of Task Group 42 Radiation Therapy Committee American Institue of Physics Inc. 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