{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T01:15:23Z","timestamp":1755998123014,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The efficiency of protective equipment for the brain has not been verified at the left anterior oblique (LAO) position, which is commonly used in clinical procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate radiation exposure of the brain in interventional radiology (IR) and the shielding ability of a new protective flap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We made a flap that combined a protective cap with a left lateral face shield. The flap was made of tungsten\u2010containing rubber (TCR). An anthropomorphic head phantom was placed at the physician's position, and air kerma rates (\u03bcGy\/min and \u03bcGy\/15s) were measured by electronic dosimeter at three locations: the surface of the left side of the head, and the left and right temporal lobes with the protective cap and the flap in fluoroscopy and cine modes. The X\u2010ray tube was at the lower left side of the physician, and its angles were LAO60 and LAO60CAU40. The tube voltage (95\u2013125\u00a0kV), tube current (4.7\u2013732\u00a0mA), and air kerma rate (27.8\u20131078\u00a0mGy\/min) were automatically adjusted by the X\u2010ray system. We obtained the cap and the flap shielding efficiencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In cine mode at LAO60CAU40, the shielding efficiencies on the surface of the left side of the head and left temporal lobe with the cap were 92.6% and 5.1%, respectively, and the corresponding shielding efficiencies with the flap were 92.5% and 86.1%, respectively. The flap can reduce radiation exposure of the brain more than the cap alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the left anterior oblique in interventional radiology, the flap can reduce exposure to the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T18:33:46Z","timestamp":1642617226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Estimating radiation exposure of the brain of a physician with a protective flap in interventional radiology: A phantom study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shota","family":"Hattori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kindai University  Osakasayama Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiological Center Kindai University Hospital  Osakasayama Osaka 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