{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T14:57:19Z","timestamp":1763564239918,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of material assignment in nasal cavity on dose calculation for the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The VMAT plans of 30 patients with NPC were calculated using AXB with material auto\u2010assignment of nasal cavity to lung and reassignment to air respectively. The doses to the planning target volumes (PTVs) overlapping with nasal cavity with material auto\u2010assignment of lung (AXB_Lung) were compared to the values obtained when nasal cavity was reassigned to air (AXB_Air) under the dose\u2010to\u2010medium (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>) reporting mode of AXB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For dose calculated under AXB_Lung, the <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>98%<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2%<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> of the PTV<jats:sub>69.96<\/jats:sub>_Air Cavity (PTV of prescription dose 69.96\u00a0Gy overlapping with nasal cavity) were on average 16.1%, 1.6%, and 8.6% larger than that calculated under AXB_Air, respectively. Up to 19.5% difference in <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>98%<\/jats:sub>, 3% difference in <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2%<\/jats:sub>, and 11.2% difference in <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> were observed in the worst cases for PTV<jats:sub>69.96<\/jats:sub>. Similar trend was observed for the PTV<jats:sub>5940<\/jats:sub>_Air Cavity, in which the <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>98%<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2%<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> calculated under AXB_Lung were on average 14.7%, 2.5%, and 10.2% larger than that calculated under AXB_Air, respectively. In the worst cases, the difference observed in <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>98%<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2%<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> could be up to 17.7%, 4.5%, and 12.7%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant dose difference calculated by AXB between the material assignment of lung and air in nasal cavity for NPC cases might imply the possibility of underdosage to the PTVs that overlap with inhomogeneity. Therefore, attention should be put to ensure that accurate material assignment for dose calculation under AXB such that optimal dosage was given for tumor control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T10:47:01Z","timestamp":1655203621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of material assignment in nasal cavity on dose calculation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using Acuros XB"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Michael L. M.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology Prince of Wales Hospital  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian U. Y.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology Prince of Wales Hospital  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica W. K.","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology Prince of Wales Hospital  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony T. C.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology Prince of Wales Hospital  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v16i4.5222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"20210041","article-title":"The effect on tumour control probability of using AXB algorithm in replacement of AAA for SBRT of hepatocellular carcinoma located at lung\u2013liver boundary region","volume":"3","author":"Cheung MLM","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJR Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4792308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3582690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/692874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-6-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"NRG\u2010HN001: Randomized phase II and phase III studies of individualized treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on biomarker Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).ClinicalTrials.govidentifier NCT02135042. Accessed October 10 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4736819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf0e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2795842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12682"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.13698","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.13698","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.13698","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T01:23:54Z","timestamp":1692753834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.13698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.13698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13698","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1526-9914"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1526-9914"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13698"}}