{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:27:37Z","timestamp":1762543657874,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>For total skin electron (TSE) beam radiation therapy, the anterior eye and conjunctiva can be protected with eye shields to prevent keratitis, xerophthalmia, and cataractogenesis. Conventional metal eye shields can reduce patient balance by obscuring vision and thus increasing the risk for falls. We report on the design, fabrication, and clinical use of transparent acrylic eye shields for TSE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary design goals were a seven\u2010fold reduction in the dose to the anterior eye and conjunctiva to meet published dose\u2010recommendations, preservation of vision for the wearer, and biocompatibility for external use. Resembling thick swim goggles, the design features 23\u00a0mm thick acrylic lenses that are mounted in a 3\u2010D printed support structure that conforms to the eye socket and can be worn with a strap. Dose measurements were performed in a simulated Stanford\u2010technique treatment with an anthropomorphic phantom using Gafchromic EBT film<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transparent eye shields were manufactured using a 3D\u2010printer and CNC\u2010machine. Based on measurements from the simulated treatments for each of the eye shields, the eye shields provided a 12\u2010fold reduction in dose to the lens. After use in more than 200 fractions, the shields were well tolerated by patients, and there were no reports of any incidents or adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transparent TSE eye shields are able to reduce the dose to the eyes while maintaining vision during treatment at a reasonable cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T17:12:41Z","timestamp":1657559561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of transparent eye shields for total skin electron beam radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"J. John","family":"Lucido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Veres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn M.","family":"Kehret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Angeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Highet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3470-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Foote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott C.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris L.","family":"Deufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.123482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197809)42:3<1171::AID-CNCR2820420321>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.33379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2016.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000176190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.146.3.6828698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90103-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-57-678-501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233562"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.13722","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.13722","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.13722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T17:29:17Z","timestamp":1692552557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.13722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.13722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13722","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1526-9914"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1526-9914"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13722"}}