{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:09:47Z","timestamp":1790208587606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of defining an in vivo dosimetry (IVD) protocol as a patient\u2010specific quality assurance (PSQA) using the bead thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) for point and 3D IVD during brachytherapy (BT) of gynecological (GYN) cancer using <jats:sup>60<\/jats:sup>Co high\u2010dose\u2010rate (HDR) source.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D in vivo absorbed dose verification within the rectum and bladder as organs\u2010at\u2010risk was performed by bead TLDs for 30 GYN cancer patients. For rectal wall dosimetry, 80 TLDs were placed in axial arrangements around a rectal tube covered with a layer of gel. Ten beads were placed inside the Foley catheter to get the bladder\u2010absorbed dose. Beads TLDs were localized and defined as control points in the treatment planning system (TPS) using CT images of the patients. Patients were planned and treated using the routine BT protocol. The experimentally obtained absorbed dose map of the rectal wall and the point dose of the bladder were compared to the TPSs predicted absorbed dose at these control points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative difference between TPS and TLDs results were \u22128.3% \u00b1 19.5% and \u22127.2% \u00b1 14.6% (1SD) for rectum\u2010 and bladder\u2010absorbed dose, respectively. Gamma analysis was used to compare the calculated with the measured absorbed dose maps. Mean gamma passing rates of 84.1%, 90.8%, and 92.5% using the criteria of 3%\/2\u00a0mm, 3%\/3\u00a0mm, and 4%\/2\u00a0mm were obtained, respectively. Eventually, a \u201cconsidering level\u201d of at least 85% as pass rate with 4%\/2\u2010mm criteria was recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3D IVD protocol employing bead TLDs was presented to measure absorbed doses delivered to the rectum and bladder during GYN HDR\u2010BT as a reliable PSQA method. 3D rectal absorbed dose measurements were performed. Differences between experimentally measured and planned absorbed dose maps were presented in the form of a gamma index, which may be used as a warning for corrective action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T12:05:02Z","timestamp":1660133102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["3D in vivo dosimetry of HDR gynecological brachytherapy using micro silica bead TLDs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ramin","family":"Jaberi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Department Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physics University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayyeh","family":"Babaloui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Siavashpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Oncology Department, Shohada\u2010e\u2010Tajrish Educational Hospital, Medical School Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Moshtaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Department Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Joya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Radiology Department Kabul University of Medical Sciences  Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hadi","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiation Engineering Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Mahdieh Radiotherapy Oncology Center  Hamedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakardokht","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Surrey  Guildford UK"},{"name":"Medical Physics Dept. 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