{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:15:14Z","timestamp":1789820114133,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cesium\u2010131 brachytherapy is an adjunct for brain tumor treatment, offering potential clinical and radiation protection advantages over other isotopes including iodine\u2010125. We present evidence\u2010based radiation safety recommendations from an initial experience with Cs\u2010131 brachytherapy in the resection cavities of recurrent, previously irradiated brain metastases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two recurrent brain metastases in 18 patients were resected and treated with permanent Cs\u2010131 brachytherapy implantation using commercially procured seed\u2010impregnated collagen tiles (GammaTile, GT Medical Technologies). Exposure to intraoperative staff was monitored with NVLAP\u2010accredited ring dosimeters. For patient release considerations, NCRP guidelines were used to develop an algorithm for modeling lifetime exposure to family and ancillary staff caring for patients based on measured dose rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A median of 16 Cs\u2010131 seeds were implanted (range 6\u201346) with median cumulative strength of 58.72U (20.64\u2010150.42). Resulting dose rates were 1.19 mSv\/h (0.28\u20133.3) on contact, 0.08 mSv\/h (0.01\u20130.35) at 30\u00a0cm, and 0.01 mSv\/h (0.001\u20130.03) at 100\u00a0cm from the patient. Modeled total caregiver exposure was 0.91 mSv (0.16\u20133.26), and occupational exposure was 0.06 mSv (0.02\u20130.23) accounting for patient self\u2010shielding via skull and soft tissue attenuation. Real\u2010time dose rate measurements were grouped into brackets to provide close contact precautions for caregivers ranging from 1\u20133\u00a0weeks for adults and longer for pregnant women and children, including cases with multiple implantations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiological protection precautions were developed based on patient\u2010specific emissions and accounted for multiple implantations of Cs\u2010131, to maintain exposure to staff and the public in accordance with relevant regulatory dose constraints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T01:23:27Z","timestamp":1663291407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patient\u2010specific radiological protection precautions following Cs collagen embedded Cs\u2010131 implantation in the brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kavya","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence T.","family":"Dauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bae P.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Aramburu\u2010Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilad","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Beal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Brain Metastasis Center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon S.","family":"Imber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Brain Metastasis Center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson S.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Metastasis Center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"The effects of radium emanations upon brain tumors","volume":"31","author":"Frazier C.H.","year":"1920","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014\u2010021\u201001762\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748\u2010717X\u20107\u201030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/jcb.2020.93543"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060\u2010021\u201003790\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npab005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brachman DG Youssef E Dardis CJ et al.Resection and permanent intracranial brachytherapy using modular biocompatible cesium\u2010131 implants: results in 20 recurrent previously irradiated meningiomas Journal of Neurosurgery JNS 2019; 131(6):1819\u20131828. 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