{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:15:56Z","timestamp":1790007356814,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasonography (US) and <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Technetium\u2010sestamibi scintigraphy (<jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010MIBI) are currently first\u2010line imaging modalities to localize parathyroid adenomas with sensitivities of 80% and 84%, respectively. Therefore, finding other modalities to further improve the diagnostic accuracy for preoperative localization is critically needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the application value of contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the preoperative localization of microwave ablation (MWA) for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between December 2012 and May 2021, 100 PHPT patients (34 males and 66 females; mean age, 56.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.43 years; age range, 25\u201385 years) with 130 suspected parathyroid nodules were enrolled. US, CEUS, and <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010MIBI were performed for the localization of pathological parathyroid glands. All patients were performed MWA under ultrasound guidance. All the suspected parathyroid nodules underwent core needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance during MWA to confirm the pathology. The diagnostic performance of all the imaging tests was analyzed in comparison with the pathological results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 130 nodules suspected to be of parathyroid origin from preoperative localization images were confirmed by pathological results, of which 116 were of parathyroid origin, and 14 were not of parathyroid origin. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of CEUS in the localization of pathological parathyroid glands were 100%, 92.86%, 99.23%, and 0.964, which were significantly higher than those of US (93.10%, 42.86%, 87.69%, and 0.680) and <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010MIBI (81.90%, 42.86%, 77.69%, and 0.624) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of CEUS were 100% and 97.22%, which were higher than those of <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010MIBI (65.62% and 63.89%) or US (75.00% and 72.22%) in patients with multiple parathyroid glands (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). For smaller parathyroid adenomas (\u22642\u00a0cm in diameter), the sensitivities of CEUS in locating hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands were 100%, which was significantly higher than that of <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010MIBI (73.68% and 84.31%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CEUS is a valuable preoperative localization method for PHPT patients performed MWA, especially for the patients with smaller pathological parathyroid gland and multiple glandular lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T14:19:02Z","timestamp":1666016342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Application value of contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound in preoperative localization of microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fangyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12-6-644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60507-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31430-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"2014","volume-title":"The Parathyroids","author":"John P"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1714213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.02.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"835","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound\u2010guided percutaneous microwave ablation and parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"36","author":"Liu F","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2017.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002680010280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2008.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(03)00676-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Four\u2010dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas","volume":"19","author":"Zeina AR","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.3.9725323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2011-1402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-189307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05269-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.760419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.261900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58010002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.03.019"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"Contribution of early SPECT\/CT to (99m)Tc\u2010MIBI double phase scintigraphy in primary hyperparathyroidism: diagnostic value and correlation between uptake and biological parameters","volume":"35","author":"Garcia\u2010Talavera P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2011.08.010"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Factors associated with negative 99mTc\u2010MIBI scanning in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"40","author":"Carral F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol(Engl Ed)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.13802","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.13802","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.13802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T11:47:36Z","timestamp":1692532056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.13802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.13802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13802","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13802"}}