{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:55:13Z","timestamp":1791244513941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treating and imaging patients in the upright orientation is gaining acceptance in radiation oncology and radiology and has distinct advantages over the recumbent position. An IRB approved study to investigate the positions and orientations of the male pelvic organs between the supine and upright positions was conducted. The study comprised of scanning 15 male volunteers (aged 55\u201375 years) on a 0.6 T Fonar MRI scanner in the supine and upright positions with a full bladder and in the upright position with an empty bladder.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The Pelvic study revealed that in the upright position the<\/jats:p><jats:p>1. Position and shape of the prostate are not impacted significantly by bladder fill.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. Distance between the sacrum and the anterior bladder wall is significantly smaller.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. Anterior\u2010Posterior length and the bladder width is significantly larger.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. Seminal vesicles are pushed down by the bladder.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. Top of the penile bulb is further away from the apex of the prostate.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These observed differences could positively impact upright prostate treatments by<\/jats:p><jats:p>1. Reducing the risk of small bowel approximating the treatment volume.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. Prostate treatments can be done with a reduced focus on bladder fill.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. Radiation beams for treating intermediate risk prostrate can be made smaller or a larger portion of the seminal vesicles can be treated with the same beam size than typically used for supine treatments.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. Reducing the average dose to the penile bulb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T05:36:43Z","timestamp":1690263403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Anatomical changes in the male pelvis between the supine and upright positions\u2014A feasibility study for prostate treatments in the upright position"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andries (Niek)","family":"Schreuder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leo Cancer Care Middleton Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Chien","family":"Hsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) Department of Radiation Oncology Little Rock, Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Greenhalgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fonar Corporation Melville New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kissick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leo Cancer Care Middleton Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Lis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leo Cancer Care Middleton Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy S. 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