{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:26:27Z","timestamp":1789496787908,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two optimization algorithms VOLO\u2122 and sequential optimization algorithm (SEQU) are compared in the Precision\u00ae treatment planning system from Accuray\u00ae for stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment plans. The aim is to compare the two algorithms to assess if VOLO\u2122 is better of SEQU in certain treatment site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty clinical treatment cases were compared. Entities include Acoustic neuroma (AN), lung metastases, and liver metastases. In each entity, 10 SEQU and 10 VOLO\u2122 treatment plans were optimized. The Ray\u2010Tracing calculation algorithm was used for all treatment plans and the treatments were planned exclusively with fixed cones (5\u201350\u00a0mm). The number of nodes, beams, total MU, and treatment time were compared. Conformity index (CI), new conformity index (nCI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), and target coverage were examined for agreement. D<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, D100%, D98%, and D2% dose in the target volume as well as exposure to organs at risk was checked. To determine peripheral doses, the isodose volumes from V10% to V98% were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AN treatment plans showed significant differences for the number of nodes, beams, total MU, treatment time, D98%, D100% for the target volume, and the doses for all organs at risk. VOLO\u2122 achieved better results on average. Total MU, treatment time, coverage, and D98% are significantly better for VOLO\u2122 for lung metastases. For liver metastases, a significant reduction in number of nodes, total MU, and treatment time was observed for VOLO\u2122 plans. The mean target coverage increased slightly with VOLO\u2122, while the mean CI deteriorated slightly. The averages of D<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>, D98%, D100%, and V80% resulted in a significant increase for VOLO\u2122.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the present study indicate that VOLO\u2122 should be used in place of SEQU as a standard for AN cases moving forward. Despite the lack of significance in the lung and liver cases, VOLO\u2122 optimization is recommended because OAR sparing was similar, but coverage, D<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>, and D<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> were increased, and thus better tumor control can be expected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T16:14:04Z","timestamp":1694016844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of two optimization algorithms (VOLO<sup>TM<\/sup>, SEQU) for CyberKnife\u00ae treatment of acoustic neuromas, lung metastases, and liver metastases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Thiele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German CyberKnife\u2010Center  Soest 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