{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1786976329097,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the respiratory\u2010induced motion trajectories of each liver segment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to derive a more accurate internal margin and optimize treatment protocol selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten\u2010phase\u2010gated four\u2010dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans of 14 patients with HCC were analyzed. For each patient, eight representative regions of interest (ROI) were delineated on each liver segment in all 10 phases. The coordinates of the center of gravity of each ROI were obtained for each phase, and then the respiratory motion in the left\u2013right (LR), anteroposterior (AP), and craniocaudal (CC) directions was analyzed. Two sets of motion in each direction were also compared in terms of only two extreme phases and all 10 phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Motion of less than 5\u00a0mm was detected in 12 (86%) and 10 patients (71%) in the LR and AP directions, respectively, while none in the CC direction. Motion was largest in the CC direction with a maximal value of 19.5\u00a0mm, with significant differences between liver segment 7 (S7) and other segments: S1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.036), S2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.041), S3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.016), S4 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.041), and S5 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.027). Of the 112 segments, hysteresis\u00a0&gt;1\u00a0mm was observed in 4 (4%), 2 (2%), and 15 (13%) in the LR, AP, and CC directions, respectively, with a maximal value of 5.0\u00a0mm in the CC direction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant amount of respiratory motion was detected in the CC direction, especially in S7, and S8. Despite the small effect of hysteresis, it can be observed specifically in the right lobe. Therefore, caution is required when using 4DCT to determine IM using only end\u2010inspiration and end\u2010expiration. Understanding the respiratory motion in individual liver segments can be helpful when selecting an appropriate treatment protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T01:54:40Z","timestamp":1706838880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of respiratory\u2010induced motion trajectories of individual liver segments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences School of Health Sciences Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimihiro","family":"Takemasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Sakagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryohei","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7594-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Komori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30020190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00524-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00625-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00082-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"JASTRO treatment policy of proton beam therapy (ver 1.0). Accessed May 13 2023.https:\/\/www.jastro.or.jp\/\/en\/news\/proton_guideline_jastro_7_13_2017\u20102_cmarkandwatermark.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1293287"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.14257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T12:39:20Z","timestamp":1712752760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.14257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.14257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.14257","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14257"}}