{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:18:18Z","timestamp":1786976298657,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For patient\u2010specific quality assurance (PSQA) for small targets, the dose resolution can change depending on the characteristics of the dose calculation algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the dose calculation algorithms Acuros XB (AXB), anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), photon Monte Carlo (pMC), and collapsed cone (CC) on a helical diode array using volumetric\u2010modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for small targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ArcCHECK detectors were inserted with a physical depth of 2.9\u00a0cm from the surface. To evaluate the influence of the dose calculation algorithms for small targets, rectangular fields of 2\u00d7100, 5\u00d7100, 10\u00d7100, 20\u00d7100, 50\u00d7100, and 100\u00d7100 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      were irradiated and measured using ArcCHECK with TrueBeam STx. A total of 20 VMAT plans for small targets, including the clinical sites of 19 brain metastases and one spine, were also evaluated. The gamma passing rates (GPRs) were evaluated for the rectangular fields and the 20 VMAT plans using AXB, AAA, pMC, and CC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For rectangular fields of 2\u00d7100 and 5\u00d7100 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , the GPR at 3%\/2\u00a0mm of AXB was\u00a0&lt;\u00a050% because AXB resulted in a coarser dose resolution with narrow beams. For field sizes\u00a0&gt;\u00a010\u00d7100 mm2, the GPR at 3%\/2\u00a0mm was\u00a0&gt;\u00a088.1% and comparable for all dose calculation algorithms. For the 20 VMAT plans, the GPRs at 3%\/2\u00a0mm were 79.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.7%, 93.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8%, 94.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1%, and 94.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1% for AXB, AAA, pMC, and CC, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The behavior of the dose distribution on the helical diode array differed depending on the dose calculation algorithm for small targets. Measurements using ArcCHECK for VMAT with small targets can have lower GPRs owing to the coarse dose resolution of AXB around the detector area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T07:14:32Z","timestamp":1708067672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of dose calculation algorithms on the helical diode array using volumetric\u2010modulated arc therapy for small targets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7398-028X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Ono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Hirashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanori","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4059-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiraku","family":"Iramina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Radiology Service Kyoto University Hospital  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Uto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical Physics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Mizowaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3238104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.08.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency.Dosimetry of Small Static Fields Used in External Beam Radiotherapy Technical Reports Series No. 483 IAEA Vienna.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-022-00684-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3438081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v15i4.4832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"VARIAN Medical Systems. 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