{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:36:01Z","timestamp":1773200161653,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>A well display of the spatial location of thyroid nodules in the thyroid is important for surgical path planning and surgeon\u2010patient communication. The aim of this study was to establish a three\u2010dimensional (3D) reconstruction method of the thyroid gland, thyroid nodule, and carotid artery with automatic detection based on two\u2010dimensional (2D) ultrasound videos, and to evaluate its clinical value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasound videos, including the thyroid gland with nodule, isthmus of thyroid gland, and ipsilateral carotid artery, were recorded. BC\u2010UNet, MTN\u2010Net, and RDPA\u2010U\u2010Net network models were innovatively employed for segmentation of the thyroid glands, the thyroid nodules, and the carotid artery respectively. Marching Cubes algorithm was used for reconstruction, while Laplacian smoothing algorithm was employed to smooth the 3D model surface. Using this model, 20 patients and 15 surgeons completed surveys on the effectiveness of this model for the pre\u2010surgery demonstration of nodule location as well as surgeon\u2010patient communication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The thyroid gland with nodule, isthmus of gland, and carotid artery were reconstructed and displayed. With the 3D model, the understanding of the spatial location of thyroid nodules improved in all three surgeon groups, eliminating the influence of professional levels. In the patient survey, the patients\u2019 understanding of the thyroid nodule location and procedure for surgery were significantly improved. In addition, with the 3D model, the time for doctors to explain to patients was significantly reduced (16.75\u00a0 vs. 8.85\u00a0min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first report of constructing a 3D thyroid model using a deep learning technique for personalized thyroid segmentation based on 2D ultrasound videos. The preliminary clinical application showed that it was conducive to the comprehension of the location of thyroid nodules for surgeons and patients, with significant improvement on the efficiency of surgeon\u2010patient communication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T05:23:40Z","timestamp":1711430620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Establishment and preliminary application of personalized three\u2010dimensional reconstruction of thyroid gland with automatic detection of thyroid nodules based on ultrasound videos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Huang","family":"Yandong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University  Shanghai 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