{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:25:40Z","timestamp":1785403540104,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the organ doses assessed through a digital phantom\u2010based and a patient specific\u2010based dosimetric tool in adult routine thorax computed tomography (CT) examinations with reference to physical dose measurements performed in anthropomorphic phantoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two Monte Carlo based dose calculation tools were used to assess organ doses in routine adult thorax CT examinations. These were a digital phantom\u2010based dosimetry tool (NCICT, National Cancer Institute, USA) and a patient\u2010specific individualized dosimetry tool (ImpactMC, CT Imaging GmbH, Germany). Digital phantoms and patients were classified in four groups according to their water equivalent diameter (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>). Normalized to volume computed tomography dose index (CTDI<jats:sub>vol<\/jats:sub>), organ dose was assessed for lungs, esophagus, heart, breast, active bone marrow, and skin. Organ doses were compared to measurements performed using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) in two physical anthropomorphic phantoms that simulate the average adult individual as a male (Alderson Research Labs, USA) and as a female (ATOM Phantoms, USA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average percent difference of NCICT to TLD and ImpactMC to TLD dose measurements across all organs in both sexes was 13% and 6%, respectively. The average\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 standard deviation in dose values across all organs with NCICT, ImpactMC, and TLDs was\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.06 (mGy\/mGy),\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.19 (mGy\/mGy), and\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13 (mGy\/mGy), respectively. Organ doses decreased with increasing <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub> in both NCICT and ImpactMC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Organ doses estimated with ImpactMC were in closer agreement to TLDs compared to NCICT. This may be attributed to the inherent property of ImpactMC methodology to generate phantoms that resemble the realistic anatomy of the examined patient as opposed to NCICT methodology that incorporates an anatomical discrepancy between phantoms and patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T05:40:20Z","timestamp":1716442820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Digital phantom versus patient\u2010specific radiation dosimetry in adult routine thorax CT examinations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Antonios E.","family":"Papadakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Heraklion Medical Physics Department  Stavrakia, Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Giannakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Heraklion Medical Physics Department  Stavrakia, Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Stratakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Heraklion Medical Physics Department  Stavrakia, Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Myronakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Heraklion Medical Physics Department  Stavrakia, Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7559-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habib","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Geneva University Hospital  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"University Research and Innovation Center Obuda University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Damilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Crete, Medical School Medical Physics Department  Stavrakia, Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Clement CH.Adult Reference Computational Phantoms. 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