{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T13:39:51Z","timestamp":1775914791919,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007210","name":"Varian Medical Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the ever\u2010increasing requirements of accuracy and personalization of radiotherapy treatments, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on O\u2010ring Halcyon radiotherapy system could potentially provide a fast, safe, and feasible treatment\u00a0option.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the delivery of Halcyon VMAT plans for small targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Well\u2010defined VMAT\u2010SRT plans were created on Halcyon radiotherapy system with the stacked and staggered dual\u2010layer MLC design for the film measurement set\u2010up and the target sizes and shapes designed to emulate the targets of the stereotactic treatments. The planar dose distributions were acquired with film measurements and compared to a current clinical reference dose calculation with AcurosXB (v18.0, Varian Medical Systems) and to Monte Carlo simulations. With the collapsed arc versions of the VMAT\u2010SRT plans, the uncertainty in dose delivery due to the multileaf collimator (MLC) without the gantry rotation could be separated and\u00a0analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The target size was mainly limited by the resolution originated from the design of the MLC leaves. The results of the collapsed arc versions of the plans show good consistency among measured, calculated, and simulated dose distributions. With the full VMAT plans, the agreement between calculated and simulated dose distributions was consistent with the collapsed arc versions. The measured dose distribution agreed with the calculated and simulated dose distributions within the target regions, but considerable local differences were observed in the margins of the target. The largest differences located in the steep gradient regions presumably originating from the deviation of the isocenter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The potential of the Halcyon radiotherapy system for VMAT\u2010SRT delivery was evaluated and the study revealed valuable insights on the machine characteristics with the\u00a0delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T14:44:03Z","timestamp":1716389043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The delivery assessment for small targets on Halcyon radiotherapy system \u2013 Measured and calculated dose comparison"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Lankinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Varian Medical Systems, a Siemens Healthineers Company Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Kulmala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute HUCH Ltd. Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jouko","family":"Lehtom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Varian Medical Systems, a Siemens Healthineers Company Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Harju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Varian Medical Systems, a Siemens Healthineers Company Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3438081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Dosimetric performance and planning\/delivery efficiency of a dual\u2010layer stacked and staggered MLC on treating multiple small targets: a planning study based on single\u2010isocenter multi\u2010target stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to brain metastases","author":"Li T","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2022.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/acb4d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"FaillaG WareingT ArchambaultY ThompsonS.Acuros\u00ae XB advanced dose calculation for the Eclipse\u2122 treatment planning system [White Paper].2010.https:\/\/www.myvarian.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/3\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Varian Medical Systems Inc.Eclipse Photon and Electron Algorithms Reference Guide.2022.Varian Medical Systems Palo Alto CA USA.https:\/\/www.myvarian.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i2.4111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/24\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aab1ee"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/50\/14\/013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3697528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2198171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/9\/303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3190392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14992"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.14407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T18:11:51Z","timestamp":1718215911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.14407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.14407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.14407","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14407"}}