{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:01:37Z","timestamp":1790751697758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH\/NIBIB K08EB026503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIBIB K08EB026503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH UL1TR000100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH UL1TR000100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001960","name":"American Society for Radiation Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000892","name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOD\/CDMRP PC220278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOD\/CDMRP PC220278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of the present study is to develop a calibration method to account for differences in echo times (TE) and facilitate the use of restriction spectrum imaging restriction score (RSIrs) as a quantitative biomarker for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This study included 197 consecutive patients who underwent MRI and biopsy examination; 97 were diagnosed with csPCa (grade group \u2265 2). RSI data were acquired three times during the same session: twice at minimum TE ~75\u00a0ms and once at TE\u00a0=\u00a090\u00a0ms (TEmin\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , TEmin\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and TE90, respectively). A linear regression model was determined to match the C\u2010maps of TE90 to the reference C\u2010maps of TEmin\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n within the interval ranging from 95th to 99th percentile of signal intensity within the prostate. RSIrs comparisons were made at the 98th percentile within each patient's prostate.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n We compared RSIrs from calibrated TE90 (RSIrs\n TE90corr<\/jats:sub>\n ) and uncorrected TE90 (RSIrs\n TE90<\/jats:sub>\n ) to RSIrs from reference TEmin\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n (RSIrs\n TEmin1<\/jats:sub>\n ) and repeated TEmin\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (RSIrs\n TEmin2<\/jats:sub>\n ). Calibration performance was evaluated with sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve (AUC).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Scaling factors for C\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , C\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , C\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n , and C\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n were estimated as 1.68, 1.33, 1.02, and 1.13, respectively. In non\u2010csPCa cases, the 98th percentile of RSIrs\n TEmin2<\/jats:sub>\n and RSIrs\n TEmin1<\/jats:sub>\n differed by 0.27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.86SI (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation), whereas RSIrs\n TE90<\/jats:sub>\n differed from RSIrs\n TEmin1<\/jats:sub>\n by 1.82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.20SI. After calibration, this bias was reduced to \u20100.51\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.21SI, representing a 72% reduction in absolute error. For patients with csPCa, the difference was 0.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.98SI between RSIrs\n TEmin2<\/jats:sub>\n and RSIrs\n TEmin1<\/jats:sub>\n and 2.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.06SI between RSIrs\n TE90<\/jats:sub>\n and RSIrs\n TEmin1<\/jats:sub>\n . After calibration, the mean difference decreased to \u20101.03SI, a 55% reduction in absolute error. At the Youden index for patient\u2010level classification of csPCa (8.94SI), RSIrs\n TEmin1<\/jats:sub>\n has a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 72%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The proposed linear calibration method produces similar quantitative biomarker values for acquisitions with different TE, reducing TE\u2010induced error by 72% and 55% for non\u2010csPCa and csPCa, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:58:30Z","timestamp":1728305910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Quantitative MRI biomarker for classification of clinically significant prostate cancer: Calibration for reproducibility across echo times"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Karoline","family":"Kallis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Conlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Ollison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rakow\u2010Penner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders M.","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Hal\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Data Science Institute UC San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler M.","family":"Seibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology UC San Diego Health La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering UC San Diego Jacobs School of 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