{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:17:42Z","timestamp":1788016662682,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo dosimetry is a common requirement to validate dose accuracy\/uniformity in total body irradiation (TBI). Several detectors can be used for in vivo dosimetry, including thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), diodes, ion chambers, optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs), and film. TLDs are well established for use in vivo but required expertise and clinical system availability may make them impractical for multifractionated TBI. OSLDs offer quick readout, but recalls have restricted their use. The purpose of this work was to validate the newly available Gafchromic EBT4 film for TBI in vivo dosimetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Film calibration curves were created under standard conditions (6MV\/15MV, 1.5\/3.0\u00a0cm depth, 100\u00a0cm source\u2010to\u2010surface distance (SSD), 10 \u00d7 10 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> field), and films were scanned at several time points (0.5\u201324\u00a0h) to determine the shortest development time that yielded accurate dose measurements. 4 \u00d7 4 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> films were placed under 1.5\u00a0cm thick bolus on the anterior and posterior sides of a solid water phantom to measure entrance and exit dose under TBI conditions (\u223c600\u00a0cm SSD, 39.5 \u00d7 39.5 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> field, 6 MV\/15 MV). These measurements were compared to ion chamber and diode readings for validation. Film measurements were also compared to OSLD measurements for three TBI patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The shortest development time that resulted in accurate dosimetry and allowed for adequate physician review time was 4\u00a0h (\u00b1\u00a04% dose accuracy). Film entrance and exit dose measurements were within\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8% of ion chamber and diode readings for 6MV and 15MV beams. Patient film measurements were within \u223c\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05% for the majority of anatomical measurement locations; however, film and OSLD readings for some anatomic locations deviated by\u00a0&gt;\u00a010%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that EBT4 film can be utilized for accurate in vivo dosimetry for TBI patients and shows good agreement with diode and ion chamber measurements. Further investigation into film and OSLD differences was not possible due to OSLD recalls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T15:49:27Z","timestamp":1732895367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical use of Gafchromic EBT4 film for in vivo dosimetry for total body irradiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Draeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fada","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Yup","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe (Jay)","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90364-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90214-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/39\/1\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3697526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(90)90175-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2013.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2007.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4811216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4735227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2020.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.199432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4890795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2014.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4754797"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.14574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T12:35:15Z","timestamp":1748349315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.14574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.14574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.14574","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14574"}}