{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:00:41Z","timestamp":1784818841694,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016175","name":"Chulabhorn Royal Academy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E2565\/146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2565\/146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the automated RapidPlan\u00a0in assessing plan quality and to explore how beam complexity affects the mechanical performance of volumetric modulated arc therapy for head and neck cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plans were first generated using automated RapidPlan with scripting application programming interface (API) and then further refined through manual optimization (RP+MP) to improve plan quality. The quality of 20 plans was assessed, taking into account dose statistics and clinical plan acceptability. The impact of beam complexity on mechanical performance was analyzed using parameters such as leaf speed (LS), leaf acceleration (LA), mean\u2010field area (MFA), cross\u2010axis score (CAS), closed leaf score (CLS), small aperture score (SAS), and monitor units per control point (MU\/CP). Patient\u2010specific quality assurance (PSQA) was conducted to determine differences between the RP+MP and original plans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No differences in the heterogeneity index and conformity number were observed between the RP+MP and original plans. The RP+MP plan was superior to the original plan for sparing the left cochlea, left and right internal auditory canals, chiasm, and left optic nerve. Significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) were identified in CAS, SAS<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u00a0<jats:sub>mm<\/jats:sub>, SAS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00a0<jats:sub>mm<\/jats:sub>, and SAS<jats:sub>10mm<\/jats:sub>. However, there was no significant difference in PSQA\u00a0between the RP+MP and original plans. The RP+MP plan without any modifications was clinically acceptable in 45% of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The automated RP with scripting API followed by MP (RP+MP) yielded a high\u2010quality plan in terms of dose statistics and clinical acceptability. The RP+MP plan yielded a higher CAS and SAS compared with the original plan. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in PSQA\u00a0between the RP+MP and original plans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T21:34:06Z","timestamp":1733088846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quality and mechanical efficiency of automated knowledge\u2010based planning for volumetric\u2010modulated arc therapy in head and neck cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangutid","family":"Thongsawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Program Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine Chulabhorn Royal Academy  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Chulabhorn Hospital  Bangkok 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