{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:04:47Z","timestamp":1785150287423,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To commission a beam model in ClearCalc (Radformation Inc.) for use as a secondary dose calculation algorithm and to implement its use into an adaptive workflow for an MR\u2010linear accelerator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A beam model was developed using commissioning data for an Elekta Unity MR\u2010linear accelerator and entered into ClearCalc. The beam model consisted of absolute dose calculation settings, output factors, percent depth\u2010dose (PDD) curves, mutli\u2010leaf collimator (MLC) transmission and dose leaf gap error, and cryostat corrections. Beam profiles were hard\u2010coded by the manufacturer into the beam model and were compared with Monaco\u2010derived profiles. The beam model was tested by comparing point doses in a homogenous phantom obtained through measurements using an ionization chamber in water, Monaco, and ClearCalc for various field sizes, source\u2010surface distances (SSDs), and point locations. Additional testing including point dose verification for test plans using a heterogeneous phantom and patient plans. Post clinical implementation, performance of ClearCalc was evaluated for the first 41 patients treated, which included 215 adaptive plans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDDs generated using ClearCalc fell within 1.2% of measurements. Field profile comparison between ClearCalc and Monaco showed an average pass rate of 98% using a 3%\/3\u00a0mm gamma criteria. Measured cryostat corrections used in the beam model showed a maximum deviation from unity of 1.4%. Point dose and field monitor units (MUs) comparisons in a homogenous phantom (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022), heterogeneous phantoms (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022), and patient plans (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a057) all passed with a threshold of 5%\/5MU. Clinically, ClearCalc was implemented as a physics check post adaptive planning completed prior to beam delivery. Point dose and field MUs showed good agreement at a 5%\/5MU threshold for prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), pelvic lymph nodes, rectum, and prostate and lymph node plans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work demonstrated commissioning and clinical implementation of ClearCalc into an adaptive planning workflow. No primary or adaptive plan failures were reported with proper beam model testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T11:44:49Z","timestamp":1733226289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Commissioning and implementation of a pencil\u2010beam algorithm with a Lorentz correction as a secondary dose calculation algorithm for an Elekta Unity 1.5T MR linear accelerator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sameer","family":"Taneja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Barbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Galavis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Serrano","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zelefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3521473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360\u20103016(01)01749\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4864244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aa9517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4956056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167\u20108140(18)32467\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2020.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.747825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/54\/12\/N01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"IAEA.Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry Based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water. 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