{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T07:31:41Z","timestamp":1753860701461,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of a cost\u2010effective prototype of a laser\u2010based respiratory motion detection system utilizing a Leuze LDS for breath monitoring through calibration and volunteer tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was performed using the Anzai AZ\u2010773\u00a0V and computerized imaging reference systems (CIRS) motion phantoms for calibration tests. The calibration of the laser\u2010based respiratory motion detection system involved spatial accuracy testing, amplitude calibration, and temporal accuracy. Volunteer testing was conducted on eight volunteers at the inferior end of the sternum and the abdomen area. The accuracy of the data recorded by the laser\u2010based respiratory motion detection system was validated against established clinical reference tracking systems namely real\u2010time position management (RPM) and Anzai AZ\u2010733\u00a0V system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calibration with an Anzai AZ\u2010773\u00a0V and CIRS phantoms demonstrated an average error of 1.17%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.64% and an average amplitude calibration correlation coefficient of 0.975\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.004. Volunteer tests, compared to the Anzai AZ\u2010733\u00a0V clinical system and RPM system, revealed average correlation coefficients for deep inspiration breath\u2010hold are 0.931\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.02 and 0.936\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.03, respectively, and for free breathing are 0.85\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.07 and 0.77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the data suggest that the in\u2010house laser\u2010based respiratory motion detection system performed well, with an error percentage below 10%. A reasonably good correlation coefficient was obtained, indicating that the readings obtained from the laser system are consistent with those set on the phantom and clinical respiratory motion detection systems. Although promising through the calibration process and volunteer tests, further studies are required to generate trigger data linked directly to computerized tomography and linear accelerator facilities, thereby advancing the clinical viability of this innovative laser\u2010based respiratory motion detection system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T14:39:08Z","timestamp":1734705548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calibration and volunteer testing of a prototype contactless respiratory motion detection system based on laser tracking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Isnaini Nur","family":"Islami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424 Indonesia and Department of Radiation Oncology Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Central  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amar Ma'ruf Irfan","family":"Muhamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Indonesia  Depok West Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wahyu Edy","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aloysius Mario Yudi","family":"Putranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arief","family":"Sudarmaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Indonesia  Depok West Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fielda","family":"Djuita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supriyanto Ardjo","family":"Pawiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Indonesia  Depok West Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"The global cancer observatory\u2014all cancers","volume":"419","author":"GLOBOCAN","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Agent Res Cancer\u2014WHO"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2349696"},{"issue":"187","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent advances in surface guided radiation therapy","volume":"15","author":"Freislederer P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"volume-title":"ICRU Report Volume 62: Prescribing, recording, and reporting photon beam therapy (supplement to ICRU report 50)","year":"1999","author":"Allisy A","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1"},{"issue":"68","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characteristics of gated treatment using an optical surface imaging and gating system on an Elekta linac","volume":"10","author":"Fleislederer P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmss.JMSS_35_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.06.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme\u20102016\u20100156"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical implementation and initial validation of respiratory\u2010gated stereotactic body radiotherapy for thoracoabdominal tumors under abdominal compression using an Anzai laser\u2010based gating device with visual guidance on an Elekta linear accelerator","volume":"16","author":"Hoshina M","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15532"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40042-021-00171-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2006.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Computerized Imaging Reference Systems (CIRS) Inc. 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