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For phantom verification, we used a chest phantom with a spherical simulated tumor. Treatment plans for 3\u2010dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D\u2010CRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and CIRT were created. GTVs were created in sizes ranging from 0.5 to 5\u00a0cm in diameter, and the dependence of the lung dose on GTV diameter was evaluated for each treatment plan. For patient validation, 30 cases of localized lung tumors were analyzed. 3D\u2010CRT, VMAT, and CIRT treatment plans were developed, and DVH parameters were evaluated for each GTV size and GTV\u2010to\u2010heart distance. In both phantom and patient validations, the OAR doses were the lowest for CIRT. The lung dose increased with increasing GTV diameter for all three treatment plans. CIRT had the smallest ratio of lung dose increase to GTV diameter increase among the three treatment plans. Heart dose in CIRT was independent of GTV size and GTV\u2010to\u2010heart distance Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that the use of scanning CIRT can reduce the OAR dose while guaranteeing the tumor dose compared to x\u2010ray SBRT. In addition, it was suggested that CIRT can treat patients with large GTV sizes while maintaining low lung and heart dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T07:40:01Z","timestamp":1739346001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of factors related to treatment planning of x\u2010ray SBRT and scanning carbon\u2010ion radiation therapy for early\u2010stage lung cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuya","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heavy Particle Medical Science Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heavy Particle Medical Science 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