{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:18:39Z","timestamp":1790644719851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relationship between the stereographic and azimuthal equidistant projection (AEP) of the human retina for radiotherapy planning with OPTOS optomap wide\u2010field fundus images (Optos, UK). Further, the geometric accuracy of an OPTOS fundus image is quantified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fundamental relationship between both projection modes was applied to transform images acquired with an OPTOS Silverstone camera to the azimuthal equidistant projection using MATLAB. Fundus images of four patients were used to quantitatively demonstrate the impact for neglecting the proper projection. For that purpose, a delineated contour for each patient was analyzed if created in a treatment planning system, which assumes AEP, and compared with an OPTOS image. Furthermore, an eye model with a novel 3D printed retina pattern was used to quantify the geometric accuracy for an OPTOS optomap image.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The difference between both projections was found substantial, leading to a change in delineated contours of more than 5\u00a0mm in the investigated cases and a change of delineated area of more than 40%. The geometric accuracy of OPTOS images of a customized eye model was found to be 0.2\u00a0mm on average, increasing to at most \u223c0.5\u00a0mm at eye angles of 81\u00b0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fundamental difference in the representation of the eye fundus needs to be accounted for in radiotherapy planning of uveal melanoma. The basic underlying relationship for transformation is known, but more research is required to quantify other aberrations. The novel use of 3D printed retina patterns with known dimensions is providing a flexible approach for further investigations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:00:12Z","timestamp":1739858412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of OPTOS wide\u2010field fundus image projections for radiotherapy planning of uveal melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8260-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Wulff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Koska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CoCreation Lab Produktinnovationen (CCLP) University Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00e4umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physics TU Dortmund University  Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Particle Therapy University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Foerster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Particle Therapy University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos E.","family":"Bechrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Particle Therapy University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Particle Therapy University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21414-1_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/jcb.2013.34450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3488891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59758-9_124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(90)90077-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.103358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SnyderJP.Map projections: A working manual. 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