{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:10:46Z","timestamp":1773043846889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We introduce the next generation of \u201cMagicPlate\u201d 2D monolithic pixelated semiconductor detectors \u2013 MagicPlate\u2010976 (MP976). It features a larger array area, higher spatial resolution, and does not require external triggering. We perform a comprehensive characterization for small\u2010field steep\u2010dose\u2010gradient dosimetry applications in radiation therapy focusing on x\u2010ray beams used in stereotactic treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MP976, developed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, consists of 976 ion\u2010implanted diodes on a thin n\u2010type epitaxial silicon substrate with a total array area of 58\u00a0\u00d7\u00a058\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The central region has \u201csmall\u201d diodes with an area of 0.2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a00.2\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 1\u00a0mm pitch and the peripheral region has \u201clarge\u201d diodes with an area of 0.6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a00.6\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 2\u00a0mm pitch. The detector was primed with 10\u00a0kGy (Co\u201060) and tested using a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator for sensitivity change and dose linearity, and variations in response due to dose\u2010per\u2010pulse and beam incidence angle. Output factors, depth dose, and beam profiles were measured and compared with reference data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the 10\u00a0kGy, the sensitivity declined by (74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05)% for \u201clarge\u201d diodes and by (78\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07)% for the \u201csmall\u201d ones, the dose\u2010per\u2010pulse (DPP) dependence was in the range of commercially available diodes, however, a difference in the DPP dependence between the \u201clarge\u201d and \u201csmall\u201d diodes of (8.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2)% was found in the studied DPP range from 0.131\u20131.111\u00a0mGy\/pulse. The minimum angular response was at 90\u00b0 for 6\u00a0MV and 100\u00b0 for 10\u00a0MV flattened beams (76% and 82%, respectively). The output factors and depth dose response showed agreement with the reference within 3.1% and 1%, respectively. Deviation in small field 80%\/20% penumbra measurements was within 0.5\u00a0mm for 6\u00a0MV\u00a0FF and 0.3\u00a0mm for 10\u00a0MV FFF. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the beam profiles agreed within 0.5\u00a0mm for both beam qualities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The new MagicPlate\u2010976 detector system is shown to be suitable for dosimetry in small fields and steep dose gradients. It provides 1\u00a0mm spatial resolution in the central region and 2\u00a0mm on the periphery and has no dependence on the field size. The system's high spatial and temporal resolution opens new opportunities for trigger\u2010less, film\u2010less, and time\u2010resolved verification and error identification for complex stereotactic treatment plans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T05:40:16Z","timestamp":1741930816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High spatial resolution dosimetry for radiation oncology with \u201cMagicPlates,\u201d a new 976\u2010pixel monolithic silicon detector"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6971-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilia","family":"Filipev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saree","family":"Alnaghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre Prince of Wales Hospital New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Carolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illawarra Cancer Care Centre Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Paino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Petasecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Cutajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9187-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Poder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"St George Hospital Cancer Care Centre Kogarah New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin B.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley M.","family":"Oborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Illawarra Cancer Care Centre Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden\u2010Rossendorf Institute of Radiooncology\u2010OncoRay Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hardcastle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Guatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2406-9972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Lerch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Kron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5116-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anatoly","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1843354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/10\/019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2024.107272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4892384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4921126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/9\/06\/T06003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/14\/06\/P06018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/13\/4501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2018.2885017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy. Technical Reports Series No. 398 IAEA Vienna2000.https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/publications\/5954\/absorbed\u2010dose\u2010determination\u2010in\u2010external\u2010beam\u2010radiotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"KawrakowI RogersD Mainegra\u2010HingE TessierF TownsonR WaltersB.EGSnrc toolkit for Monte Carlo simulation of ionizing radiation transport.EGSnrc toolkit for Monte Carlo simulation of ionizing radiation transport.2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3598439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"BergerM HubbellJ SeltzerS et\u00a0al.XCOM: photon cross sections database (2010). NIST Standard Reference Database 8 (XGAM);2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"The Physics of Radiotherapy X\u2010Rays and Electrons","author":"Metcalfe P","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"Corporation SN.Benefits Analysis: SunPoint Diode Detectors.https:\/\/www.sunnuclear.com\/uploads\/documents\/datasheets\/SunPoint\u2010diodes.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4788763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2023.106979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12377"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T12:31:36Z","timestamp":1743856296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70015"}}