{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:58:38Z","timestamp":1772240318695,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Palliative radiotherapy comprises a significant portion of the radiation treatment workload. Volumetric\u2010modulated arc therapy (VMAT) improves dose conformity and, in conjunction with flattening filter free (FFF) delivery, can decrease treatment times, both of which are desirable in a population with a high probability of retreatment with large palliative doses per fraction. Combining FFF and VMAT delivery with planning based on previously acquired diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans has the potential to further expedite palliative treatment. This study evaluated the dosimetric uncertainty of using FFF beams with VMAT delivery on CT images acquired from different diagnostic vendors, and between different x\u2010ray tube energies, in the palliative setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CT\u2010relative electron density (CT\u2010RED) curves were acquired for the local CT simulator at 100, 120, and 140 kVp, and for two diagnostic CT scanners at 120 kVp. Thirty palliative VMAT plans were recalculated for each CT\u2010RED curve, with 6 MV flat, 6 FFF, and 10 FFF beams. The doses to 95% and 2% of the PTV, the maximum point dose to the spinal canal and esophagus, and the mean dose to the kidneys were compared between recalculated plans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing the dose clouds for a given fluence map calculated with CT\u2010RED curves from different CT scanners at 120 kVp, the mean dose difference was at most 0.3% for each DVH metric. Similar results were reported when comparing dose clouds calculated with CT\u2010RED curves for 100, 120, and 140 kVp on the CT simulator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study confirm that diagnostic scans acquired on machines different from the CT simulator associated with the TPS, are appropriate for VMAT treatment planning in the palliative setting with FFF photon beams.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T07:59:16Z","timestamp":1739951956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating the use of diagnostic CT with flattening filter free beams for palliative radiotherapy: Dosimetric impact of scanner calibration variability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Madeleine L.","family":"Van de Kleut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesley A.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsayed S. M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2018.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2021.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2023.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02330-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_146_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i6.4328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3554643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-019-00745-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.10.010"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","article-title":"Dosimetry comparison of palliative radiation plans generated from available diagnostic CT images versus dedicated CT simulation for inpatients","volume":"13","author":"Ho Q\u2010A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"Simulation\u2010free radiation therapy: an emerging form of treatment planning to expedite plan generation for patients receiving palliative radiation therapy","volume":"8","author":"Schiff JP","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.109538"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","article-title":"Prompt pain relief from bone metastases: the virtual simulation program","volume":"9","author":"Bush A","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.1177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66079-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"2965","article-title":"Dosimetric validation of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using AAPM TG\u2010119 Benchmark plans in an upgraded CLINAC 2100CD for flattening filter free (FFF) photon beams","volume":"18","author":"Sangaiah A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T20:55:20Z","timestamp":1758228920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70040","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70040"}}