{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T07:31:47Z","timestamp":1753860707279,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In linear accelerators, deviations in the x\u2010ray focal spot position significantly affect the accuracy of radiation therapy. However, as the focal spot position in bore\u2010type linac systems such as the Radixact system, cannot be assessed using conventional methods, a new evaluation method is required. This study aimed to develop a novel method to measure the focal spot position of Radixact and evaluate any deviations from the ideal x\u2010ray focal spot position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A structurally simplified measurement system was developed to evaluate the focal spot position of the Radixact system. This system consisted of a vertically aligned metal bar and an ionization chamber, which was moved stepwise to acquire the beam profiles. The focal spot position deviation was calculated based on the center differences of the profiles obtained from two different upstream and downstream locations of the metal bar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The measurement results indicated that the focal spot position shift was 0.42\u00a0mm and \u22120.36\u00a0mm at the target height in the IEC\u2010X and \u2010Y directions, respectively. The measurement uncertainty was 0.187\u00a0mm, confirming a slight deviation from the ideal focal position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study developed a novel method to accurately evaluate the x\u2010ray focal spot position of the Radixact system, which can potentially be applied to other conventional linear accelerators and bore\u2010type systems, such as Halcyon, to improve the accuracy of radiotherapy. However, its generalizability and applicability to different radiotherapy machines must be explored further.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T05:48:52Z","timestamp":1744091332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a generic focal spot measurement method suitable for bore\u2010type linacs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6633-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital  Nagoya Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Medical Physics School of Medical Sciences Fujita Health University  Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuharu","family":"Nishitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precise Accuracy Laboratory  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Radiological Technology Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8423-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kodaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital  Nagoya Aichi 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