{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T05:56:44Z","timestamp":1758261404340,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate beam data acquisition using three\u2010dimensional (3D) water tanks is essential for beam commissioning and quality control (QC) in clinical radiation therapy. This study introduces a novel method for quantitative QC of the system, utilizing MV images and webcam videos. The stability of the motor drive speed and the positional accuracy of the fixture were evaluated under two measurement modes: \u201ccontinuous mode\u201d and \u201cstep\u2010by\u2010step mode.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A TRUFIX mounting system (PTW Freiburg Inc., Germany) was used to attach the center of the steel ball to its top, ensuring alignment with the water surface of the tank. To assess deviations from the radiation isocenter, MV images were acquired and compared with digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs). These evaluations were performed at different speed settings (slow, medium, and fast) using ET CT Body Marker (BRAINLAB Inc., USA) mounted on the drive unit. A webcam was utilized to capture the images, and custom\u2010developed tracking software was employed to analyze deviations in driving speed and positional errors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean error of the radiation isocenter was 0.37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09 mm. As the motor drive speed increased, the discrepancy between the set speed and the actual speed observed in the analysis also became larger. In \u201ccontinuous mode,\u201d the deviation from the displayed value was greater than that observed in \u201cstep\u2010by\u2010step mode.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is demonstrated that the proposed analysis method can quantitatively evaluate radiation isocenter misalignment, tank setup position deviation, and both the indicated drive speed values and their stability. At higher drive speeds, the \u201cstep\u2010by\u2010step mode\u201d showed smaller deviations from the indicated values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T12:41:42Z","timestamp":1747658502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative quality control of 3D water tank using image analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center  Kure Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology Faculty of Health Science and Technology Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare  Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Koshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NHO Fukuyama Medical Center  Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Hiroshige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NHO Shikoku Cancer Center  Matsuyama Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NHO Shikoku Cancer Center  Matsuyama Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NHO Shikoku Cancer Center  Matsuyama Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuki","family":"Nakahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NHO Shikoku Cancer Center  Matsuyama Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology Department of Medical Technology Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology Ehime University Hospital  Toon Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Oita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Science Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rraa010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy an international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water","volume":"398","author":"IAEA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tech Rep Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4762682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2969070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167\u20108140(01)00377\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2015.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"OpenCV. 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