{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:37:00Z","timestamp":1788827820750,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contrast\u2010enhanced mammography (CEM) is a technique that exploits the combination of two projections at different energies to produce an energy\u2010subtracted (ES) image to highlight the uptake of iodinated contrast medium in breast lesions. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the performance of different CEM systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four mammography systems of different vendors (Fujifilm Amulet Innovality, Hologic 3Dimensions, IMS Giotto Class, GE Senographe Pristina) were compared employing a commercial dedicated phantom, equipped with a breast\u2010equivalent target slab with four different iodine concentrations (IC) inserts. Acquisition parameters and average glandular dose (AGD) were collected at different phantom thicknesses (30\u201380 mm). Contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (CNR) and linearity of IC response with phantom thickness were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AGDs (mGy) were in ranges 0.82\u20133.10, 0.90\u20136.25, 1.08\u20133.30, and 0.74\u20133.63 for Fujifilm, Hologic, GE, and IMS, respectively. High\u2010energy AGD accounted for up to 41.5%, 25.6%, 40.5%, and 23.8% of the total dose for Fujifilm, Hologic, IMS, and GE, respectively. CNR increased with IC and generally decreased with increasing phantom thickness. In recombined images, Hologic, Fujifilm, and GE showed good linearity of IC response with phantom thickness and overlapping trends (maximum error\u00a0=\u00a01%) for all thicknesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Similarities and differences in image quality and dose were found depending on the different technical and image processing characteristics of the different vendors. Linearity of IC at various thicknesses might be further exploited in clinical scenarios to differentiate between suspicious breast lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T11:23:11Z","timestamp":1752492191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phantom\u2010based comparative analysis of contrast\u2010enhanced mammography systems: Image quality and performance evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bruschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Physics University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Medical Physics Unit IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1273-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Physics University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Medical Physics Unit IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Unit IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1338-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Origgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Unit IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Breast cancer information.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/breast\u2010cancer;2023. Accessed February 9 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11063-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Development of digital mammography system \u201cAMULET Innovality\u201d for examining breast cancer [white paper]","volume":"59","author":"Oda Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fujifilm Res Dev."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/35\/9\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/45\/11\/308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/54\/14\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/59\/9\/2127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"ImageJRasbandWS.U. S. National Institutes of Health https:\/\/imagej.net\/ij\/index.html.2018. Accessed February 9 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"KellyM RaiM MackenzieA.NCCPM Technical report 2003: technical evaluation of contrast enhanced mammography functions using Hologic I\u2010View software https:\/\/medphys.royalsurrey.nhs.uk\/nccpm\/files\/other\/Tech_Eval_CESM_Hologic3Dimensions_Final.pdf;2020. Accessed February 9 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.103334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"KellyM TylerN MackenzieA.NCCPM Technical report 2004: technical evaluation of SenoBright HD contrast enhanced mammography functions of Senographe GE Pristina system.https:\/\/medphys.royalsurrey.nhs.uk\/nccpm\/files\/other\/Tech_Eval_CESMGE_Pristina_NCCPMformatFinalV2.pdf;2020. Accessed February 9 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747\u2010024\u201000447\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/ad027d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170605"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70163","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.70163","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:00:49Z","timestamp":1772992849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70163","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70163"}}