{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:27:19Z","timestamp":1773001639025,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA 262017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA 262017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite advances in image\u2010guided radiation therapy (IGRT), real\u2010time, soft\u2010tissue\u2010based, volumetric motion monitoring remains unsolved. Integrated MRI+Linac systems are a solution,\u00a0but are costly and complex. X\u2010ray and optical photogrammetry\u2010based systems have their limitations. Surrogate\u2010based motion models, which use external signals to estimate internal motion, offer an alternative. We explore the feasibility of an electromagnetic (EM) fiducial\u2010based device integrated with a surrogate\u2010based motion model for real\u2010time in\u2010room volumetric motion monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the feasibility of an EM\u2010tracking system in the linac room, with an eventual goal of integrating it into an MRI\u2010compatible system for real\u2010time volumetric motion monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We empirically assessed the impact of gantry rotation and the radiation beam on EM\u2010tracking accuracy using a sinusoidal motion trajectory (2\u00a0cm peak\u2010to\u2010peak, 5 s per cycle) programmed into a 2D motion platform. Four EM\u2010tracking sensors were affixed to the platform, and their recorded trajectories were compared to the programmed motion under various conditions, including static and dynamic gantry positions, with and without radiation beams, and during CBCT acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EM\u2010tracking system faithfully reproduced the programmed sinusoidal motion during treatment beam (MV) and CBCT acquisition (kV + gantry rotation). With the beam off and static gantry and static motion platform at 0\u00b0, the average point\u2010wise tracking difference was\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.5\u00a0mm compared to gantry angles of 90\u00b0, 180\u00b0, and 270\u00b0. Similarly, with a moving platform, the sensors achieved a\u00a0&lt;\u00a01\u00a0mm difference at the same angles. Additionally, the gantry's clockwise and anticlockwise rotations caused a\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.5\u00a0mm difference on average at all angles during beam\u2010off.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preliminary results show the EM\u2010tracking system operates with sub\u2010millimeter accuracy in the linac room, with minimal effects from the radiation beam, gantry motion, or CBCT acquisition, supporting its feasibility for real\u2010time volumetric motion monitoring during IGRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T07:35:04Z","timestamp":1752564904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geometric characterization of an electromagnetic surface tracking system in a radiation therapy environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mumtaz Hussain","family":"Soomro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8276-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Cammin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narottam","family":"Lamichhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Van Slyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Yale New Haven Hospital  Trumbull Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Roys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rao P","family":"Gullapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erez","family":"Nevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robin Medical Inc.  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