{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:09:40Z","timestamp":1777036180273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare dosimetric differences between intensity\u2010modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and photon\u2010based radiotherapy (VMAT\/IMRT) in the treatment of skull base tumors, focusing on target coverage and organ\u2010at\u2010risk (OAR)\u00a0sparing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All patients with skull base tumors who underwent proton therapy between December 2021 and August 2022 were included in this study. For each case, both IMPT and VMAT\/IMRT plans were generated using Eclipse TPS, with robust optimization applied for protons. Dosimetric metrics for target volumes and OARs\u2014including the brainstem, spinal cord, visual pathways, eyes, lenses, and salivary glands\u2014were extracted and compared. Key endpoints included , , conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI). Statistical comparisons were performed using non\u2010parametric Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank tests, with significance set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Target coverage was comparable between IMPT and photon plans ( of 57.516.14 Gy for photon and 58.065.85 Gy for proton,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.12, respectively). IMPT provided statistically significant dose reductions to brainstem, spinal cord, lenses, eyes, and the right parotid. The brainstem  was reduced from 45.7011.49 Gy of photons to 39.4713.03 Gy of protons (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.037). Dose reductions of 29%\u201383% were observed for other above OARs. Although no significant difference was found in doses to the left parotid or visual pathways, substantial dose reductions were observed in individual\u00a0cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IMPT achieved equivalent target coverage to VMAT\/IMRT while offering superior sparing of several critical OARs. These findings support the clinical potential of IMPT in the management of anatomically complex skull base tumors, particularly when normal tissue preservation is a key\u00a0concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T04:53:07Z","timestamp":1760417587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dosimetric comparison of intensity\u2010modulated proton therapy and photon\u2010based radiotherapy for skull base tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Aff\u0131liated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Medical Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"},{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6407-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Aff\u0131liated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9608-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Aff\u0131liated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Aff\u0131liated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Aff\u0131liated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Aff\u0131liated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiao\u2010ming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Aff\u0131liated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyab209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0976-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.02.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.01.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2024.100760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1161752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"336","volume-title":"Seminars in Radiation Oncology","author":"Rahimy E","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.2.FOCUS2413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0924-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.06.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14338\/IJPT-15-00005.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RRXX19.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01961-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1016857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2024.100814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2019.1648858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-0966-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2022.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aae659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad48f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1397273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abe55a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.02.031"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70268","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.70268","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T10:50:49Z","timestamp":1771152649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70268","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70268"}}