{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:32:32Z","timestamp":1784777552189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2010irradiation of ionization chambers is widely recommended to stabilize output readings for reference dosimetry in radiation therapy. However, the specific pre\u2010irradiation requirements for different chamber models, particularly under strictly controlled conditions that isolate chamber performance, remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the pre\u2010irradiation dose required to stabilize the output of various reference\u2010class ionization chambers, while minimizing the influence of environmental and system\u2010level uncertainties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve reference\u2010class ionization chambers (Exradin A12, A1SL; IBA CC13, FC65G; PTW 30013, 31021) were evaluated under strictly controlled conditions (room temperature: 25\u00a0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u00a01\u00b0C, water temperature: 25.00\u00a0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u00a00.01\u00b0C, relative humidity: approximately 50%). Output stability was assessed using a 10\u00a0MV photon beam from a TrueBeam linac. Chamber readings were measured using an RT521R2 electrometer and normalized to an adjacent external monitor chamber. Readings are defined as stable if the reading variation is &lt;0.1% and does not exhibit any trending. The optimal number of pre\u2010irradiation exposures and corresponding doses were determined for each chamber.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the large\u2010volume chambers (Exradin A12, IBA FC65G, PTW 30013), output variation was within \u00b10.05% from the first irradiation, suggesting that pre\u2010irradiation may be unnecessary. In contrast, the middle\u2010volume class ionization chambers (Exradin A1SL, IBA CC13, PTW 31021) exhibited variations of up to \u00b10.25%, and required up to 100\u00a0MU \u00d7 25 (approximately 21.25\u00a0Gy) of pre\u2010irradiation to achieve stability under the controlled experimental conditions of this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated that the required pre\u2010irradiation dose varies depending on the type of ionization chamber, and that the output variation is significantly lower than the previously reported 1%. These results may help streamline clinical reference dosimetry by tailoring procedures to each chamber.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T03:11:23Z","timestamp":1759201883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre\u2010irradiation dose requirements for reference\u2010class ionization chambers: Quantifying measurement stability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1090-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takumi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology Department of Medical Technology Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Mayumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology Department of Medical Technology Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3488-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Nishikata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences Faculty of Medical Science Technology Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology Department of Medical Technology Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology Department of Medical Technology Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology Department of Medical Technology Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology Department of Medical Technology Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital  Niigata 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