{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T11:05:47Z","timestamp":1771153547958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Multiparametric MRI has shown great promise to derive multiple quantitative imaging biomarkers for treatment response assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate a novel deep\u2010learning\u2010enhanced MUlti\u2010PArametric MR sequence (DL\u2010MUPA) for treatment response assessment for brain metastases patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and head\u2010and\u2010neck (HN) cancer patients undergoing conventionally fractionation adaptive radiation therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n DL\u2010MUPA derives quantitative T1 and T2 relaxation time maps from a single 4\u20136\u2010min scan denoised via DL method using least\u2010squares dictionary fitting. Longitudinal phantom benchmarking was performed on a NIST\u2010ISMRM phantom over 1 year. In patients, longitudinal DL\u2010MUPA data were acquired on a 1.5T MR\u2010simulator, including pretreatment (PreTx) and every \u223c3 months after SRS (PostTx) in brain, and PreTx, mid\u2010treatment and 3 months PostTx in HN. Delta analysis was performed calculating changes of mean T1 and T2 values within gross tumor volumes (GTVs), residual disease (RD, HN), parotids, and submandibular glands (HN) for treatment response assessment. Uninvolved normal tissues (normal appearing white matter in brain, masseter in HN) were evaluated for within\u2010subject repeatability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Phantom benchmarking revealed excellent inter\u2010session repeatability (coefficient of variation\u00a0<\u00a00.9% for T1,\u00a0<\u00a06.6% for T2), suggesting reliability for longitudinal studies with systematic bias adjustment. Uninvolved normal tissue suggested acceptable within\u2010subject repeatability in the brain |\u0394T1\n mean<\/jats:sub>\n |\u00a0<\u00a036\u00a0ms (4.9%), |\u0394T2\n mean<\/jats:sub>\n |\u00a0<\u00a02\u00a0ms (6.1%) and HN |\u0394T1\n mean<\/jats:sub>\n |\u00a0<\u00a069\u00a0ms (7.0%), |\u0394T2\n mean<\/jats:sub>\n |\u00a0<\u00a04\u00a0ms (17.8%) with few outliers. In brain, remarkable changes were noted in a resolved metastasis (4\u2010month PostTx \u0394T1\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a0155\u00a0ms (13.7%)) and necrotic settings (\u0394T1\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a0214\u2010502\u00a0ms (17.6\u201039.7%), \u0394T2\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a07\u201041\u00a0ms (8.7\u201041.4%), 6\u2010month to 3\u2010month PostTx). In HN, two base of tongue tumors exhibited T2 enhancement (PostTx GTV \u0394T2\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n >\u00a07\u00a0ms (12.8%), RD \u0394T2\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n >\u00a010\u00a0ms (18.1%)). A case with nodal disease resolved PostTx (GTV \u0394T1\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a0\u2010541\u00a0ms (\u201039.5%), \u0394T2\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a0\u201024\u00a0ms (\u201032.7%), RD \u0394T1\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a0\u2010400\u00a0ms (\u201029.2%), \u0394T2\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a0\u201025\u00a0ms (\u201035.3%)). Parotids (PostTx \u0394T1\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n >\u00a082\u00a0ms (12.4%), \u0394T2\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n >\u00a06\u00a0ms (13.4%)) and submandibular glands (PostTx \u0394T1\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n >\u00a0135\u00a0ms (14.6%), \u0394T2\n mean\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n >\u00a017\u00a0ms (34.5%)) adjacent to gross disease exhibited enhancement while distant organs remained stable.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Preliminary results suggest promise of DL\u2010MUPA for treatment response assessment and highlight potential endpoints for functional sparing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T03:41:49Z","timestamp":1759894909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of a novel quantitative multiparametric MR sequence for radiation therapy treatment response assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Oncology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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