{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:59:37Z","timestamp":1787669977048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate target delineation is essential for precise delivery of proton therapy. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2010only radiotherapy workflow may improve delineations, and thus improve proton therapy, but requires reliable synthetic computed tomography (sCT) for accurate dose calculations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of commercial software\u2010based sCT for proton dose calculation for head and neck cancer (HNC), and benchmark it against the accuracy of photon dose calculation on the same sCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI and planning CT (pCT) were acquired for 20 HNC patients before receiving photon therapy. A commercial software created MRI\u2010based sCTs, which were co\u2010registered to pCTs. For each patient, photon and proton plans based on pCT, prescribing 68\u00a0Gy to the target, were created in RayStation and recalculated on sCT. Dose\u2010volume histogram (DVH) metrics and gamma index (2%\/2\u00a0mm criteria) were analyzed, comparing pCT\u2010 and sCT\u2010calculated dose. Local and global gamma index were calculated for low and high\u2010dose thresholds. A gamma pass rate (GPR) was calculated for each plan and gamma index type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For photon and proton plans, the median difference in DVH metrics between pCT\u2010 and sCT\u2010calculated dose was\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.4\u00a0Gy with an interquartile range\u00a0&lt;\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7 Gy for all structures and metrics, except for mean dose to oesophagus (median\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.3\u00a0Gy, range: \u22122.0\u00a0Gy to 0.7\u00a0Gy), oral cavity (median\u00a0=\u00a01.8\u00a0Gy, range: 0.6\u00a0Gy to 3.0\u00a0Gy), and larynx (median\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.1\u00a0Gy, range: \u22121.5\u00a0Gy to 0.6\u00a0Gy) for proton plans. The median GPR for photon plans was\u00a0&gt;\u00a097.7%, while for proton plans it was\u00a0&gt;\u00a093.3% except for body GPR with low\u2010dose threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While sCT seems feasible for photon therapy, poorer agreement between pCT\u2010 and sCT\u2010calculated proton dose was found. Patient positioning differences between CT and MRI may partly explain the discrepancies between pCT\u2010 and sCT\u2010calculated proton dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:32:44Z","timestamp":1764304364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dosimetric evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging based synthetic computed tomography for head and neck photon and proton therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marte K\u00e5stad","family":"H\u00f8iskar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 M.","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Hornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen, Geschwister\u2010Scholl\u2010Platz  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam Delange","family":"Alsaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy Cancer Clinic St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajsa","family":"Fridstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy Cancer Clinic St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrun Saur","family":"Almberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy Cancer Clinic St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrine R\u00f8e","family":"Redalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2020.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.103386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2021.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aaaca4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014\u2010020\u201001571\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201059014\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2020.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2020.1714720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.103404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2021.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aa9677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1477257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/ab25bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/abb1d6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"WinterRM EngelsenO BrattingOJ et\u00a0al.A novel imaging setup for hybrid radiotherapy tailored PET\/MR in patients with head and neck cancer. arXiv. Preprint published online November 13 2024. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.2411.08783"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"SiverssonC CronholmR KarlssonA BrynolfssonJ Adalbj\u00f6rnssS White paper: MRI only radiotherapy planning using the transfer function estimation algorithm. Accessed August 8 2025.http:\/\/www.spectronic.se\/files\/Whitepaper_TFE_202106.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zemedi.2025.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"573","volume-title":"Biomedical Image Synthesis and Simulation. The MICCAI Society Book Series","author":"Ne\u010dasov\u00e1 T","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.5.1.015006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Dahanca. Radiotherapy Guidelines2020. Accessed December 20 2024.https:\/\/www.dahanca.dk\/uploads\/TilFagfolk\/Guideline\/GUID_DAHANCA_Radiotherapy_guidelines_2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.110052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13927"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/ab1e9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/abe736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2022.10.002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:13:31Z","timestamp":1767179611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70335","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70335"}}