{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T02:36:22Z","timestamp":1786934182168,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gafchromic EBT3 film is a widely used dosimeter in radiotherapy due to its high spatial resolution and near tissue equivalence. However, its application in proton therapy is limited by the linear energy transfer (LET) quenching effect, particularly in the Bragg peak region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study proposes a correction method based on residual range (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>res<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) to quantify and mitigate this quenching effect for improved accuracy in patient\u2010specific quality assurance (PSQA) and related research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We defined a quenching factor (QF) as the ratio of dose measured with a Markus ionization chamber to that measured with EBT3 film. The EBT film calibration curve is established by measurements in the plateau region of the depth\u2010dose distribution of a monoenergetic proton reference beam. A series of proton treatment plans with varying spread\u2010out Bragg peaks (SOBPs) were designed to examine QF across different residual ranges. A correction function correlating\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>res<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      to QF was derived. Clinical verifications of patient\u2010specific QA were performed by comparing EBT3 measurements, with and without QF correction, to MatriXX\u2010PT and Eclipse TPS calculations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The EBT3 film underestimated dose by approximately 7% at an\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>res<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      of 1.4\u00a0cm. A clear dependence of film response on\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>res<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      was observed: as\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>res<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased, the degree of under\u2010response increased. A correction function was established based on the relationship between\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>res<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      and QF, enabling accurate dose reconstruction. The dose map measured using QF\u2010calibrated EBT3 film showed good agreement with the TPS\u2010calculated data, and the discrepancies between the EBT3 film measurements, MatriXX\u2010PT measurements, and TPS calculations were significantly reduced in regions with smaller\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>res<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      values.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We proposed and validated a clinically applicable correction function for EBT3 film quenching in proton PSQA. This approach offers a practical and cost\u2010effective solution for both clinical and research applications involving proton dosimetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T03:18:19Z","timestamp":1763522299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Residual range\u2010based quenching correction for Gafchromic EBT3 film in proton therapy patient\u2010specific QA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ting\u2010Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu\u2010Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Fen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Rou","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010An","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u2010Cheng","family":"Shiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science China Medical University  Taichung 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