{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:54:16Z","timestamp":1791986056029,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The measurement of computed tomography dose index 100 (), which is feasible only through axial scanning, requires that the clinical spiral protocols be replaced with those for axial scanning. The real\u2010time ionization chamber detects the integral of radiation dose rate profile, enabling the direct verification of the volume CTDI on spiral CT scanning ().<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop a direct measurement technique for  and compare its accuracy with that measured using axial scanning () or that displayed on the console ().<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A CTDI phantom with a real\u2010time ionization chamber was placed on the headrest or examination table.  was measured with following parameters: tube voltage\u00a0=\u00a0120\u00a0kV, effective mAs\u00a0=\u00a0100, and rotation time\u00a0=\u00a01.00\u00a0s. The parameters for measuring  were set identical to those used for axial scanning, except for rotation times\u00a0=\u00a00.33, 0.50, and 1.00, pitch\u00a0=\u00a00.35, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50, and the scanning range\u00a0=\u00a015\u00a0cm.  was extracted from the integral of radiation dose rate profile.  was subsequently calculated and compared with  and . Finally,  was measured for 10 clinical protocols and compared with .<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The differences between  and ,  and , and  and  for the head and body phantoms were all\u00a0&lt;\u00a0\u22122.0%. The differences between  and  for scans on clinical protocols with and without automatic exposure control were\u00a0&lt;\u00a011.9% and\u00a0&lt;\u00a010.5%, respectively; these large differences were observed in the dual\u2010energy twin\u2010beam protocol. Excluding this protocol yielded differences between the measurements with and without automatic exposure control of\u00a0&lt;\u00a02.0% and\u00a0&lt;\u00a0\u22123.9%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed an excellent agreement between  and , supporting the use of the clinical spiral CT scanning to verify  using a real\u2010time ionization chamber.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T05:10:16Z","timestamp":1769490616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement of the volume CT dose index on spiral CT scanning with a real\u2010time ionization chamber"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0235-6556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science Kobe Tokiwa University  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shiga Psychiatric Medical Center  Kusatsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9682-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaka","family":"Hirosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9933-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2020\/2021 Report. United Nations;2022. Accessed June 3 2025.https:\/\/www.unscear.org\/unscear\/en\/publications\/2020_2021_1.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Medical Electrical Equipment\u2014Part 2\u201344 Edition 3 Amendment 1: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of x\u2010ray equipment for computed tomography. IEC 60601\u20132\u201344 Ed. 3: A1. IEC Geneva.2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2713240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3395578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"AAPM.Comprehensive Methodology for the Evaluation of Radiation Dose in x\u2010ray Computed Tomography. AAPM Report No. 111. 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