{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:54:01Z","timestamp":1791986041807,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 \u2013 EB028234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 \u2013 EB028234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Computed tomography (CT) is an essential imaging modality for disease diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and image\u2010based guidance of various medical procedures. The locally deposited radiation dose in tissues, as estimated by the computed tomography dose index (CTDI), can vary considerably across exposures delivered by CT scanners from different vendors, even if the scans are performed using similar technique factors, such as tube potential and tube current. The volumetric CTDI (CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n ) is a common dose metric that reports an average radiation dose (in mGy) delivered to a specific volume within a test phantom. The CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n is important in dosimetry applications as the organ absorbed dose within the patient has been shown to scale in near\u2010linear proportion, creating a basis for comparing organ doses across different scan protocols and scanner models.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To develop a database of tube current\u2010time product (mAs) normalized CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n values for currently utilized CT scanner models for each of the four primary CT vendors for use in the MIRDct organ dosimetry software available at MIRDsoft.org. This data forms the basis of the MIRDct code, which reports organ doses across a range of computational phantoms based upon axial organ dose coefficient libraries generated through Monte Carlo radiation transport for a reference CT scanner. Organ doses delivered by alternate CT scanner vendors and models may then be reported using ratios of normalized CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n values under similar technique factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Scanners were selected from four major CT manufacturers: Philips Healthcare, GE Healthcare, Canon Medical Systems, and Siemens Healthineers. Technique parameters were also selected for each scanner that closely matched values used in the generation of an equivalent CT source term (small to large bowtie filters; 80\u2013140\u2010kVp tube voltage; and 10\u2010mm to 40\u2010mm beam collimation). For each scanner chosen, the appropriate technique factors and protocols were selected, and the console\u2010reported CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n values were recorded and normalized to a set value of 100 mAs. The normalized CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n data collected for use within the MIRDct code were analyzed for noticeable patterns, features, and trends, and were compared to similar normalized CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n datasets used within the National Cancer Institute NCICT software and the Virtual Phantoms, Inc. VirtualDose software.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n For all given CT scanner and technique factor combinations, there was strong agreement in normalized CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n values across all three codes: between 0% and 12% difference for the compared scanners. Ratios of CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n values for various CT scanner vendors and models to the corresponding CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n values for the MIRDct reference scanner (Cannon Aquilion One Genesis) were also compared on the basis of either the 16\u2010cm head PMMA phantom or the 32\u2010cm body PMMA phantom. The mean quotient of these normalized CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n ratios (head ratios to body ratios) was found to be approximately 1.06, and thus either ratio may be applied in reporting patient organ dose by MIRDct.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n A database of normalized CTDI\n vol<\/jats:sub>\n (mGy\/100 mAs) was created for 17 models of CT scanners from four manufacturers at varying tube potentials, collimations, x\u2010ray bowtie filters, and phantom sizes for use in the MIRDct software.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T05:15:51Z","timestamp":1769490951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Survey of normalized CTDI\n vol<\/sub>\n values across four major computed tomography vendors for use in the MIRDct software"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Dinwiddie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared M.","family":"Baggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Graduate Program, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron B.","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Graduate Program, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan K.","family":"Wehmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Graduate Program, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Ocampo\u2010Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Imaging Physics Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas M.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Marquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunjan","family":"Kayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam L.","family":"Kesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7175-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley E.","family":"Bolch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Medical Physics Graduate Program, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3368596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0952\u20104746\/35\/4\/891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/60\/14\/5601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/59\/18\/5225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/59\/15\/4325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/54\/19\/015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/57\/9\/2441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/52\/23\/017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","article-title":"MIRD Pamphlet No 34, Part 1: MIRDct \u2013 A customizable software tool for computed tomography dosimetry","author":"Ocampo Ramos J","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645319893605"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"ICRP publication 156: paediatric mesh\u2010type reference computational phantoms","volume":"53","author":"Kim CH","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0952\u20104746\/34\/2\/363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223131.2023.2275736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3117683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1609271"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70473","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.70473","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:42:38Z","timestamp":1791985358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70473","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70473"}}