{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:08:05Z","timestamp":1790611685716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K19575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K19575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K10773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K10773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25K19120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K19120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study quantified inter\u2010 and intra\u2010fractional setup accuracies in the upright posture and compared them among setups with different immobilization methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two and four setups were examined for abdominal and head and neck (HN) cancer treatments, respectively. Fifteen asymptomatic volunteers were positioned to a replicated chair of an upright radiotherapy platform with leg immobilization devices, backrest attachments, thermoplastic masks, and vacuum cushions. The 3D positions of the subject body and masks were monitored by calculating 3D point clouds of 26 surface markers from three camera images. The inter\u2010fractional setup errors were calculated by repeating the same setup five times. The intra\u2010fractional displacements were evaluated while the subjects remained in the setups for 20\u00a0min. These setup errors and displacements were compared among the setups with different immobilization methods. The intra\u2010fractional displacements were also compared between this study and previous studies in the supine posture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inter\u2010fractional setup errors in the abdominal setups were reduced from 6.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.3 to 3.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0mm by using the masks. The HN setup using both the leg immobilization devices and backrest attachments had the setup errors of 2.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0mm. This was smaller than the setup errors observed in three other HN setups that did not use either or both of the devices together. Intra\u2010fractional displacements of these abdominal and HN setups with the immobilization devices were 1.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1 and 1.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5\u00a0mm, respectively, which were smaller than those in the other setups. These displacements were equivalent to those in the previous studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing the masks increased upright setup accuracy in the abdominal setup. The leg immobilization devices and backrest attachments provided the highest setup accuracy in the upright HN setup. These findings will be useful to expand the applicability of upright radiotherapy for various cancer treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:45:09Z","timestamp":1773935109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantifying upright positioning accuracy with optical surface tracking in radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-568X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics Institute for Quantum Medical Science National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology  Chiba 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