{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:39:21Z","timestamp":1788907161338,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000892","name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24CHAL05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CHAL05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH UL1TR000100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH UL1TR000100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOD\/CDMRP PC220278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOD\/CDMRP PC220278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multiparametric MRI is useful for early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but its standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has limited utility as a quantitative metric for automated, patient\u2010level detection of csPCa. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), an advanced diffusion technique, yields a quantitative biomarker (RSIrs) that improves csPCa detection. RSIrs is typically calculated from a dedicated multi\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value acquisition. RSIrs estimated from conventional MRI has not been studied.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the accuracy and validity of RSI metrics estimated post hoc from conventional diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (DWI) to serve as a viable surrogate for a dedicated RSI acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with both a dedicated RSI acquisition and conventional DWI. We compared three different RSI restriction score (RSIrs) calculation methods: from the dedicated acquisition (RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>dedicated<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), from conventional DWI alone (RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>post\u2010hoc<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and from a combination of conventional DWI with only the high\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010values from the RSI acquisition (RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>combo<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). We compared these methods for quantitative agreement and csPCa detection performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUC, 95% confidence interval]) of maximum RSIrs (RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in the prostate compared to that of minimum ADC (ADC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01095 patients (16 centers) were analyzed. Post hoc RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      differed systematically from RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>dedicated<\/jats:sub>\n                      by a median of +156 (RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>post\u2010hoc<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and \u221259 (RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>combo<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), respectively. AUCs for csPCa detection were 0.51 [0.47,0.54], 0.60 [0.57,0.64], 0.70 [0.67,0.74], and 0.77 [0.74,0.80] for ADC, RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>post\u2010hoc<\/jats:sub>\n                      , RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>combo<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and RSIrs\n                      <jats:sub>dedicated<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Even when estimated using conventional DWI, RSIrs is a superior quantitative biomarker to ADC for automated, patient\u2010level detection of csPCa. A dedicated RSI acquisition gives the best performance. A compromise would be to acquire high\n                      <jats:italic>b\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      values (1500 and 2500 s\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) to complement low\n                      <jats:italic>b\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      values (&lt;1000 s\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) from conventional DWI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:52:49Z","timestamp":1773935569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Post hoc estimation of a quantitative restriction spectrum imaging biomarker for prostate cancer detection using conventional MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5943-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deondre D.","family":"Do","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Conlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Bagrodia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Cooperberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Harisinghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Hollenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Sciences University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Javier\u2010Desloges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia C.","family":"Kamran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang\u2010Lung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Liss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J. 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