{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:26:29Z","timestamp":1783013189954,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer\u2010related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer using high\u2010quality mammography is essential for improving prognosis and treatment outcomes. Digital breast tomosynthesis with synthesized two\u2010dimensional mammography (SM) reduces dose and tissue overlap; however, its comprehensive physical evaluations remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study quantitatively compared the image quality of conventional digital mammography (DM) and SM acquired using the AMULET Innovality System.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polymethyl methacrylate, American College of Radiology, and contrast\u2010detail (CD) mammography phantoms were imaged 10 times in both DM and SM modes. Image quality metrics, including signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) maps, noise power spectrum (NPS), contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (CNR), modulation transfer function (MTF), and CD curves, were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DM demonstrated higher SNR uniformity and suppressed low\u2010 and high\u2010frequency noise, and the CNR values were 1.3\u20132 times greater than those of SM across all object sizes. MTF analysis showed superior resolution in DM (MTF(f50), 4.0 cycles\/mm) compared with that of the SM (2.5 cycles\/mm). CD curve analysis confirmed the better detectability of fine structures in DM, with  values of 134.9 for DM and 56.7 for SM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative phantom\u2010based evaluation demonstrated that DM showed superior performance to SM in several physical image quality metrics, including SNR uniformity, noise characteristics, spatial resolution, and contrast\u2013detail detectability. These findings indicate systematic differences in physical image quality between DM and SM; however, further observer and clinical studies are required to clarify how these differences translate to diagnostic performance in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T04:30:52Z","timestamp":1775795452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Image quality comparison of synthesized two\u2010dimensional images and digital mammography in breast tomosynthesis: A quantitative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Sogabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences  Ami Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nao","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Teikyo University Hospital  Itabashi Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3497-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiology, Faculty of Medical Technology Teikyo University  Itabashi Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1622954"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885\u2010025\u201014332\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1023714"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32887"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.12.S1.S13012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160366"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246\u2010019\u201000816\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/iim.10.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244\u2010013\u20100269\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597264"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057\u20101976\/ac2076"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YoungKC CookJJH OdukoJM BosmansH.Comparison of software and human observers in reading images of the CDMAM test object to assess digital mammography systems. 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