{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:05:47Z","timestamp":1790697947642,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) requires high mechanical precision due to continuous gantry rotation. This study aims to investigate beam\u2010axis stability during VMAT delivery and evaluate scintillation\u2010based imaging as a complementary quality assurance (QA) tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Beam\u2010axis deviations were measured using a scintillation plate dosimeter, acquiring images at 5\u00a0frames per second in axial and coronal planes. Nine conformal arc beams with a field size of 1 \u00d7 1 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      were delivered to a phantom under three configurations of the electric portal imaging device (EPID) and x\u2010ray volume imaging (XVI) systems: middle, retracted, and extended. Short\u2010 and long\u2010term reproducibility was assessed through repeated measurements. Deviations between the radiation dose center and the beam axis were analyzed in X, Y, and Z directions, and three\u2010dimensional (3D) displacements were calculated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short\u2010term reproducibility showed maximum standard deviations (SDs) of 0.05, 0.06, and 0.11\u00a0mm for 4\u00a0MV, 6\u00a0MV, and 6\u00a0FFF beams, respectively. Long\u2010term reproducibility exhibited maximum SDs of 0.15, 0.13, and 0.19\u00a0mm, respectively. Angle\u2010dependent variations were most prominent at gantry angles of 0\u00b0 and \u00b1180\u00b0, consistent with gantry sag under gravity. The 3D displacements between the radiation dose center and the beam axis remained below 1\u00a0mm across all energies: the average (maximum) displacement ranged from 0.47\u00a0mm (0.96\u00a0mm) to 0.52\u00a0mm (0.97\u00a0mm) for 4 MV, 0.41\u00a0mm (0.68\u00a0mm) to 0.44\u00a0mm (0.76\u00a0mm) for 6 MV, and 0.42\u00a0mm (0.88\u00a0mm) to 0.47\u00a0mm (0.95\u00a0mm) for 6FFF. No relevant differences were observed among the three EPID\/XVI configurations, indicating that these devices have a minimal impact on gantry mechanical stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scintillation\u2010based imaging enables real\u2010time, high\u2010resolution evaluation of beam\u2010axis stability during VMAT. Deviations were consistently within submillimeter accuracy, supporting its use as a complementary QA method to conventional tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:07:12Z","timestamp":1778742432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beam\u2010axis stability during gantry rotation measured with scintillation dosimetry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shingo","family":"Ohira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University  Arakawa\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Radiation Oncology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 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