{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:42:56Z","timestamp":1793032976761,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The Z\u2010resolution evaluation in the ACR Digital Mammography (DM) QC manual measures a pseudo full width half max (pFWHM) from speck group signals through slices of the phantom for comparison to a baseline value.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The evaluation requires measurement of seven ROIs on up to nine slices, for a potential of up to 63 ROIs. This work evaluates whether measuring fewer ROIs would produce similar results.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Z\u2010resolution data from 468 surveys from 147 mammography units were retrospectively analyzed. The pFWHM was calculated using the 6\u2010speck mean (pFWHM\n 6<\/jats:sub>\n ) as described in the ACR manual, as well as using each single speck (pFWHM\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ), and all combinations of a 2\u2010speck mean (pFWHM\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) using the center and each peripheral speck. Deviation from the respective initial measured pFWHM\n initial<\/jats:sub>\n was determined for all units with at least two surveys.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The pFWHM\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n had an average absolute error of 6.0% relative to pFWHM\n 6<\/jats:sub>\n across all surveys, compared to 3.9% for pFWHM\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n . For the 111 units with longitudinal data, the mean absolute deviation from pFWHM\n initial<\/jats:sub>\n was 7.8% for pFWHM\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , compared to 5.6% for pFWHM\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and 5.1% for pFWHM\n 6<\/jats:sub>\n . For longitudinal testing, pFWHM\n 6<\/jats:sub>\n produced two failures that were related to major component replacement. Both pFWHM\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and pFWHM\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n methods caught those failures for a false negative rate of 0%. However, pFWHM\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n had a false positive rate of 12.9%, while pFWHM\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2019s was only 2.8%. No positive test from any method was attributable to actual equipment failure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n A single\u2010speck pFWHM for ACR DM QC resulted in high variability and frequent unit failures for the Z\u2010resolution evaluation. However, a 2\u2010speck pFWHM produced results clinically equivalent to the 6\u2010speck method. Using the 2\u2010speck method as an alternative methodology for Z\u2010resolution evaluation achieves similar results with 57% fewer measurements, increasing the efficiency of testing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T20:22:34Z","timestamp":1778962954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increasing efficiency in the ACR Digital Mammography QC Manual's DBT Z\u2010resolution evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ryan F.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Case Western Reserve University\/The MetroHealth System Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas B.","family":"Bevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology MaineHealth Maine Medical Center Portland Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7541-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie W.","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Schaeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Digital Mammography Quality Control Manual","author":"Berns EA","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1786692"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4770279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.103300"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70619","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.70619","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:31:35Z","timestamp":1793032295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70619","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70619"}}