{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:42:13Z","timestamp":1793032933719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The direct prediction of stopping\u2010power ratio (SPR) from dual\u2010energy CT (DECT) has become gold\u2010standard in proton therapy. Remaining uncertainties due to patient\u2010size\u2010specific CT number variations are mitigated by calibration factors based on patient size defined as water\u2010equivalent thickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To improve SPR prediction, two slice\u2010wise thickness estimation methods (TEM\u2010B1 and \u2010B2) were compared with the previously used one (TEM\u2010A).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TEM\u2010A is using the maximum attenuation projections in\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010 and\n                      <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010direction, while TEM\u2010B1 and \u2010B2 incorporate all voxels of the object to better describe non\u2010elliptical geometries. Simplified geometries were used to investigate TEM dependencies on several parameters (e.g., object shape, rotation). TEMs were then applied to DECT scans of cylindrical acrylic phantoms with varying diameters and to patient data. Clinical treatment plans were recalculated on generated TEM\u2010specific SPR datasets, and the impact of different estimated thicknesses on SPR was assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In contrast to TEM\u2010A, TEM\u2010B1 and \u2010B2 demonstrated robustness to object shape and rotation. Couch attenuation affected all evaluated TEMs with TEM\u2010A being most affected. For patient scans, TEM\u2010B1 and B2 agreed closely but differed from TEM\u2010A, especially in high diameters. In obese patients, this leads to relative proton range deviations up to 0.3% when comparing TEM\u2010B1 and TEM\u2010A. In the sensitivity analysis, TEM\u2010B1 and \u2010B2 maintained SPR uncertainties below \u00b13% even for cortical bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TEM\u2010B1 and \u2010B2 reduced deviations in thickness estimation and increased robustness to object shape, overcoming the limitations of TEM\u2010A and improving SPR prediction accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T18:07:21Z","timestamp":1779559641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual\u2010energy CT for proton therapy: Impact of advanced slice\u2010wise patient\u2010thickness estimation methods for improved stopping\u2010power prediction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Julian","family":"Schwengfelder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoRay \u2013 National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine  Dresden Saxony Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden\u2010Rossendorf Institute of Radiooncology \u2013 OncoRay  Dresden Saxony Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Washington &amp; Fred Hutch Cancer Center Washington  Seattle USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Wohlfahrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers Varian, Cancer Therapy Imaging  Forchheim Bavaria Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoRay \u2013 National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine  Dresden Saxony Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden\u2010Rossendorf Institute of Radiooncology \u2013 OncoRay  Dresden Saxony Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TUD Dresden University of Technology  Dresden Saxony Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/41\/1\/009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728\u2010197710000\u201000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190590"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/55\/5\/006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/61\/11\/N268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.19303970303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/59\/1\/83"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12265"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/59\/8\/2059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12215"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aa952f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aaa1c9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1372625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aa7dc9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"Dual\u2010Energy Computed Tomography for Accurate Stopping\u2010Power Prediction in Proton Treatment Planning","author":"Wohlfahrt P","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13711"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3477088"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","unstructured":"Report of AAPM Task Group 204: Size\u2010specific dose estimates (SSDE) in pediatric and adult body CT examinations American Association of Physicists in Medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CookTS ChadalavadaSC BoonnWW.How inaccurate is weight as a metric for patient size? Comparing patient weight to effective diameter for size\u2010specific dose estimation. Medical Imaging 2013: Advanced PACS-based Imaging Informatics and Therapeutic Applications SPIE (2013): pp.45\u201050.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2006132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020467"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/57\/11\/R99"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70630","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.70630","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:29:41Z","timestamp":1793032181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70630","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70630"}}