{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T06:45:37Z","timestamp":1782629137638,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory motion remains a major challenge in radiotherapy for non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often requiring a balance between target coverage and normal tissue sparing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and validate a clinically implementable, individualized PTV margin strategy by integrating principal component analysis (PCA) with key clinical predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cohort of 61 NSCLC patients (Stage III) underwent 4DCT simulation. 4DCT datasets were used both for motion modeling and as a reference planning approach (ITV\u2010based). The proposed method was compared against conventional 3DCT and 4DCT\u2010based plans. PCA was applied to the deformable vector fields to extract dominant motion modes and quantify directional amplitudes (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        A\n                        <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Clinical correlations with tumor motion were assessed. An individualized margin recipe,  was implemented, incorporating a Location Factor  and a T stage Factor () derived from cohort\u2010specific data. Dosimetric plans (3DCT, Individualized\u20103DCT and 4DCT) were compared using QUANTEC constraints.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tumor location (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007) and T stage (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04) were identified as significant predictors of S\u2013I motion amplitude. Middle\/lower lobe tumors and early T1\u2013T2 stages exhibited higher mobility (\u2265\u00a015\u00a0mm). By applying adaptive weighting factors (=\u00a01.2 for lower lobes; =\u00a00.9 for T3\u2013T4), the individualized 3D plans achieved a significant reduction in PTV volume compared to 3D plans (410.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0170.0 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs. 460.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0179.1 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002). The individualized margin approach reduced lung dose compared with conventional 3DCT planning (V20: 30.0%\u00a0vs. 40.5%), while remaining comparable to the 4DCT\u2010based reference plan (28.9%). Other OARs remained within tolerance limits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating PCA\u2010derived motion with clinical weighting provides a practical framework for individualized margin design, improving lung sparing while maintaining target coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T03:56:51Z","timestamp":1780891011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PCA\u2010based respiratory motion modeling for individualized PTV margin optimization in NSCLC radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huy Dang","family":"Quang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Military Hospital 175  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Sciences  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong Nguyen","family":"Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Military Hospital 175  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trang Hoang Thi","family":"Kieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Sciences  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao Chau","family":"Van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Sciences  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2349696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1639993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/48\/1\/304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.11.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360\u20103016(02)02803\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semradonc.2003.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.06.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3438081"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"ICRU Report 83. 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