{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:25:55Z","timestamp":1791606355951,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Precise target definition in prostate radiotherapy requires accurate computed tomography (CT)\u2010magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image registration using gold fiducial markers (GFMs). While multi\u2010echo gradient recalled echo (ME GRE) sequences facilitate GFM identification, the quantitative impact of acquisition parameters on physical measurement accuracy remains insufficiently understood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n This study evaluates how MRI slice thickness and marker orientation angle jointly affect GFM visualization and geometric accuracy to characterize the resulting localization uncertainties.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A kiwifruit\u2010based phantom (T1: 1603.3\u00a0ms; T2: 72.3\u00a0ms) that mimics the relaxation times of the human prostate was imaged with 3.0T MRI. Imaging was performed using a 3D ME GRE sequence with three slice thicknesses (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0\u00a0mm) and 12 orientation angles ranging from horizontal to 90\u00b0. Five multidisciplinary observers independently identified marker coordinates while blinded to the acquisition parameters. Subjective confidence scores were also recorded.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Two\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant main effects for slice thickness (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (2, 144)\u00a0=\u00a032.03,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) and orientation angle (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (11, 144)\u00a0=\u00a04.06,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001), with significant interaction between them (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (22, 144)\u00a0=\u00a02.72,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Mean measurement errors with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.96\u00a0mm (95% CI: 0.70\u20131.22) for 1.0\u00a0mm, 1.49\u00a0mm (95% CI: 1.23\u20131.75) for 2.0\u00a0mm, and 2.00\u00a0mm (95% CI: 1.74\u20132.26) for 3.0\u00a0mm slices. The peak error reached 3.10\u00a0mm under the combination of a 3.0\u00a0mm slice and 15\u00b0 orientation. Subjective confidence scores showed a significant negative correlation with physical measurement errors (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.296,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n MRI slice thickness and marker orientation significantly impact GFM visualization accuracy. The results suggest that a 1.0\u00a0mm slice thickness offers a technical advantage for maintaining sub\u2010millimeter localization accuracy across various marker orientations and highly desirable for high\u2010precision radiotherapy planning.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:00:56Z","timestamp":1786680056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of MRI slice thickness and fiducial marker orientation on geometric accuracy in multi\u2010echo GRE imaging for prostate radiotherapy planning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Aika","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science Suzuka University of Medical Science Suzuka Mie Japan"},{"name":"Department of Central Radiology Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital Yokkaichi Mie 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