{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:40:41Z","timestamp":1792402841036,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n Radiation shielding surveys require location and evaluation of radiation hotspots in shielding barriers. This process is normally done by using a conventional survey meter and slowly moving the survey meter manually across the face of the barrier. It would be advantageous to have a radiation image of the barrier showing hot spots. This would hasten the process, potentially reveal hidden hot spots and provide clear and unprecedented documentation for a variety of radiation sources, including HDR afterloaders, linacs, Gamma Knife and CT simulators. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new survey instrument that can superimpose radiation \u201cheat\u201d maps on optical images, allowing the user to \u201csee\u201d the radiation distribution.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A new survey instrument, the RAVIN (manufactured by M3D, Inc. Ann Arbor MI) has been evaluated for potential use in shielding surveys of linac vaults, HDR suites, Gamma Knife, CT simulators, and the search for lost radioactive seeds. This instrument also provides a NIST traceable calibrated measurement of the exposure rate or the air\u2010kerma rate. In addition, the instrument can show the spectrum of the measured radiation and can identify a wide range of commonly used isotopes. Comparisons have been made with conventional survey meters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Heat maps have been acquired for the open door of a linac vault, linac head activation, an HDR afterloader, a Gamma Knife, the entrance to a CT simulator and an I\u2010125 seed. The camera provides some interesting information about the spectrum of radiation encountered in different shielding circumstances in radiation oncology. An example is the spectrum of radiation emerging from a thick linac 18 MV concrete primary barrier. The instrument shows a pronounced peak between 100 and 150 keV, with a long high energy, but low amplitude tail. Comparison with ionization chamber survey meters shows that this instrument can accurately measure air kerma rates from continuous high energy sources of radiation but cannot be used to measure air kerma rates from pulsed linac beams due to its relatively long dead time of 30 \u00b5s.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The RAVIN camera is an innovative instrument that allows visualization of radiation under some circumstances while simultaneously accumulating an energy spectrum. The ability to \u201csee\u201d radiation is remarkable. This instrument is, however, probably not useful for routine radiation surveys of barriers in radiation oncology. This is due to the inability to reliably image heat maps for low levels of radiation (as are generally encountered outside shielding barriers) and to accurately localize the source.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:22:53Z","timestamp":1790158973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seeing radiation: Applications of an imaging survey meter in radiation oncology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Patrick N.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Halford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brayden","family":"Halvorson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Safety William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akin","family":"Ogretici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Safety William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangkun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology William Beaumont University Hospital\/ Corewell Health Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","article-title":"Characterization and dose rate calibration of a semiconductor\u2010based imaging survey meter","volume":"66","author":"Sawyer S","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"Physics in Nuclear Medicine","author":"Cherry SR","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/978-0-7503-1440-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","volume-title":"Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X\u2010 and Gamma Ray Radiotherapy Facilities","author":"NCRP","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","unstructured":"PolfJ M3D company private 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