{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:40:49Z","timestamp":1792402849462,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A new preconfigured CyberKnife system was introduced to improve the SRS\/SBRT commissioning efficiency. The vendor provides a reference beam data set, termed \u201cbeam data model (BDM)\u201d, and recommends its validation and combination with measurement data to develop a hybrid beam data model (h\u2010BDM). However, the validation method by the user and the clinical acceptability with the h\u2010BDM has not been established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reports the first clinical validation of the BDM and aims to demonstrate the SRS\/SBRT commissioning process with the h\u2010BDM is clinically acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The BDM was validated by comparing with the measurements of tissue phantom ratios (TPRs), off\u2010center ratios (OCRs), and output factors (OFs) for fixed and Iris collimators and MLC in CyberKnife S7 system. Dose difference (DD) and distance\u2010to\u2010agreement (DTA) between BDM and measurement data were assessed against predefined thresholds: DDs of 1.0% for TPRs; DDs of 1.0% at d\n                      <jats:sub>15mm<\/jats:sub>\n                      and d\n                      <jats:sub>100mm<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 1.5% at d\n                      <jats:sub>300mm<\/jats:sub>\n                      for central regions in OCRs; and DTAs of 0.3\u20131.0\u00a0mm for penumbra regions. The h\u2010BDM was constructed by supplementing the BDM with the measurement beam data for all OFs, and for the TPRs and OCRs of the three smallest field sizes with each collimator. Additional replacements were also made when discrepancies exceeded the proposed thresholds based on clinical usability considerations. The conventional measurement beam data model (m\u2010BDM) was also developed with only measurement data. Single\u2010beam validation was performed in homogeneous water\u2010equivalent phantom and heterogeneous phantoms, including lung\u2010equivalent slabs, by comparing between the measured and calculated point doses with h\u2010BDM and m\u2010BDM at multiple depths. Finally, patient\u2010specific quality assurance (PSQA) was performed for SRS\/SBRT plans. In phantom case, SRS\/SBRT plans were created for a single spherical target on the CT images of the StereoPHAN phantom and anthropomorphic lung phantom for brain and lung sites, respectively. For the SBRT plans of spine and prostate sites, the C\u2010shape and test\u2010prostate structure sets, provided by the AAPM TG 119, were employed. In clinical case, six SRS\/SBRT plans for each patients\u2019 CT images in brain, lung, spine, and prostate sites, were employed and the PSQA plans were generated using the CT images of the StereoPHAN phantom, anthropomorphic lung phantom, and the I'mRT phantom. The point dose and \u03b3 pass rate were evaluated using micro ionization chamber and radiochromic film, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences between the BDM and measurement exceeded the specific thresholds for the OCRs with three largest MLC field sizes. In the single\u2010beam validation, dose differences between measurements and calculations with h\u2010BDM were within 2.0% for field sizes of\u00a0&gt;\u00a010.0\u00a0mm, except up to 3.0% at 140\u00a0mm depth with MLC, and within 5.0% for field sizes of \u226410.0\u00a0mm. In PSQA with the h\u2010BDMs, the point dose differences were within 3.0% and the \u03b3 pass rates (2%\/2\u00a0mm and 3%\/1\u00a0mm) were\u00a0&gt;\u00a095.0% for all SRS\/SBRT plans. The single\u2010beam validation and PSQA results of the h\u2010BDM were comparable to those of the conventional m\u2010BDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SRS\/SBRT commissioning process with the proposed h\u2010BDM provides a new clinically acceptable framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:10:28Z","timestamp":1790399428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SRS\/SBRT commissioning process with a hybrid beam data model in new preconfigured CyberKnife system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mikoto","family":"Tamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Medical Physics Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Therapy Center Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Therapy Center Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Inosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Medical Physics Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Sadahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Medical Physics Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayano","family":"Akamine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Medical Physics Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyomi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Medical Physics Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiki","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Medical Physics Izumiotsu Medical Center  Izumiotsu Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accuray Japan K.K., Otemachi Chiyoda\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iori","family":"Sumida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accuray Japan K.K., Otemachi Chiyoda\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accuray Inc.  Sunnyvale California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153303461000900502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814245-5.00002-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aa7e59"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Commissioning Improvements Addendum, CyberKnife Physics Essentials Guide","author":"CyberKnife","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2969070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4939261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17478"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3238104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyw198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(22)00517\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2011.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","volume-title":"Dosimetry of small static fields used in external beam radiotherapy","author":"IAEA","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13732"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70822","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.70822","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:54:19Z","timestamp":1792400059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70822","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70822"}}