{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:04:20Z","timestamp":1790820260965,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single\u2010isocenter multiple\u2010target stereotactic radiation treatments delivered on C\u2010arm linear accelerators are increasingly common due to practical advantages in both accessibility and speed compared to multiple isocenter treatments. Optimization of high\u2010quality treatment plans can be a time\u2010consuming process requiring substantial manual effort. In our institution, the planning workflow for these treatments was entirely manual and involved the generation of optimization structures and repeated recalculation and input of optimization objectives during the iterative optimization process.\u00a0 Although commercial automated planning solutions are available, their implementation may impose operational constraints, including reliance on specific immobilization and image\/surface guidance hardware, motivating the development of an immobilization\u2010independent automation tool for cranial stereotactic treatment plan optimization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and implement a treatment planning optimization tool for multiple\u2010target cranial stereotactic treatments in the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, to reduce manual planner input and planning time while improving plan quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A software tool was written using the Varian Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface to automatically generate target\u2010specific ring structures and facilitate the iterative process of plan generation. Twenty cases were retrospectively re\u2010planned with this tool and compared with the corresponding clinical plans to evaluate plan quality using qualitative and quantitative metrics of conformality and complexity. Automated plans were verified using portal dosimetry to ensure clinical deliverability. For ten cases, a timing study was performed to compare optimization time between the software tool and manual re\u2010optimization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The automatic optimization tool produced plans with similar modulation and complexity, but consistently lower dosimetric falloff metrics (R\n                      <jats:sub>50%<\/jats:sub>\n                      and Paddick Gradient Index) than the corresponding clinical plans. All plans passed patient\u2010specific QA (portal dosimetry) following institutional practice. For the ten cases included in the timing study, the software had a mean runtime of 5.8 min (range: 2\u201312 min), with variation depending on case characteristics such as number of targets and arcs employed. In comparison, manual plan generation required 21.5 min on average (range: 4\u201349 min).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The automated planning tool produced clinically acceptable, deliverable plans with better dose falloff compared to the previous manual planning approach. The tool is estimated to save an average of 15 min of optimization time per plan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A treatment planning optimization tool has been developed that provides improvement in both dosimetric plan quality and treatment planning efficiency for single\u2010isocenter multiple\u2010target cranial stereotactic treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:28:58Z","timestamp":1790818138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Automatic single\u2010isocenter multiple\u2010target cranial stereotactic treatment plan optimization via planning system scripting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kurtis H.","family":"Dekker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Oncology Queen's University at Kingston  Kingston Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy Queen's University at Kingston  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Everaars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Therapy Department Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston Health Sciences Centre  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748\u2010717X\u20106\u201048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2016.00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70115"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"e70059364","article-title":"Eclipse AFI manual planning vs brainlab auto\u2010planning: a comparison of SRS plan quality","volume":"52","author":"Kallenberg P","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medical Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014\u2010017\u20100948\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014\u2010018\u20100985\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12961"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2022.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057\u20101976\/ad2a1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2023.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"5786","article-title":"Dosimetric advantage of HyperArc over an institutional RapidArc planning technique for stereotactic treatment of multiple brain metastases","volume":"51","author":"Basharat F","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medical Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826168573","volume-title":"Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)","author":"Heron DE","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47701-0_4","volume-title":"Hypofractionated and Stereotactic Radiation Therapy: A Practical Guide","author":"Guida K","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Published online2025.https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3276775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/sup.2006.105.7.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Van EschA.aS1200 Ann's Preconfigured Package. Published online January13 2019. doi:10.13140\/RG.2.2.28143.28323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i6.4286"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"The effect of MLC leaf width in single\u2010isocenter multi\u2010target radiosurgery with volumetric modulated arc therapy","volume":"6","author":"Abisheva Z","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Radiosurgery SBRT"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057\u20101976\/ac82c6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13570"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70832","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.70832","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.70832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:29:01Z","timestamp":1790818141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.70832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.70832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.70832","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70832"}}