{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:40:40Z","timestamp":1792402840731,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proton therapy is routinely used to treat prostate cancer using bilaterally opposed beams and can achieve lower dose to nearby organs\u2010at\u2010risk (OARs) such as the bladder and rectum. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy offers the most conformal treatment plans to best spare healthy tissue. Robust optimization is often utilized in planning PBS treatment to account for uncertainties in treatment delivery, such as misalignment of the isocenter, by evaluating the dose in perturbation scenarios in which the isocenter is translated. This process is effective but resource intensive and time consuming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the feasibility of omitting lateral translations of the isocenter in robust optimization of pencil\u2010beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy treatment plans for prostate cancer patients, utilizing parallel opposed lateral beams.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of isocenter shifts in the beam direction was studied systematically in a series of cube plans of varying field size and depth in water. In addition, the impact of omitting lateral isocenter shifts in robust optimization was analyzed retrospectively across sixteen clinical treatment plans, including plans with pelvic lymph nodes (LN) and a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) delivered to the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) or PET avid LNs. The impact on key dose\u2010volume metrics for several OARs, as well as the results of robust evaluation and the difference in optimization time were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The plan comparison shows no significant difference in dose to any OAR or robust target coverage for any of the plans considered. The time required for a single optimization with fixed settings reduced by 24\u00a0min (22%) on average, with a maximum reduction of 129\u00a0min (43.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lateral isocenter shifts can be safely omitted in robust optimization of PBS proton therapy treatment plans for prostate patients, utilizing parallel opposed lateral beams, to achieve a significant reduction in optimization time, without increasing dose to OARs or sacrificing robust target coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T07:25:02Z","timestamp":1791962702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Omission of lateral isocenter shifts in robust optimization of proton therapy treatment plans for prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9501-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fionnbarr T","family":"O'Grady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Schar Cancer Institute Inova Health System  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackeline","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Schar Cancer Institute Inova Health System  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Schar Cancer Institute Inova Health System  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Schar Cancer Institute Inova Health System  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Schar Cancer Institute Inova Health System  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RPOR.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/BJR.20210670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14338\/IJPT\u201020\u201000031.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Proton Therapy Vs. 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