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In addition, neuronal loss and deposition of aggregated\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010syn also occur in multiple subcortical nuclei that project to neocortical, limbic, and basal ganglia regions. Therefore, we quantified regional deficits in innervation from these\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010affected subcortical nuclei, by measuring the neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter transporter proteins originating from projections of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, serotonergic neurons in dorsal raph\u00e9 nuclei, noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus, and cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis of Meynert.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High\u2010performance liquid chromatography and novel enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic innervation in postmortem brain tissue. Eight brain regions from 15\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      participants (with dementia and Braak stage 6\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010syn deposition) and six age\u2010matched controls were tested.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      participants compared to controls had widespread reductions of dopamine transporter in caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), precuneus, and visual association cortex (VAC) that exceeded loss of dopamine, which was only significantly reduced in caudate and amygdala. In contrast,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      participants had comparable deficits of both serotonin and serotonin transporter in caudate, middle frontal gyrus, IPL, and VAC.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      participants also had significantly reduced norepinephrine levels for all eight brain regions tested. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter levels were only quantifiable in caudate and hippocampus and did not differ between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and control groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results demonstrate widespread deficits in dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic innervation of neocortical, limbic, and basal ganglia regions in advanced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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